it is only in recent years that psychologists have become more medicalized and have jumped on to the diagnosis bandwagon, but many psychologists do not really believe in psychiatric diagnosis, and psychologists have their own models of explaining human behavior. It is less common for psychiatrists, but some psychiatrists (myself included) reject labeling people and do not believe in psychiatric diagnosis other than mad/bad/sad (not including the very important role of identifying whether another medical or substance/toxic cause of the patient's problems can be identified) and instead use formulation. Formulation is a more comprehensive, shared, and collaborative understanding of the problems and strengths the patient has, trying to understand why they have the problems they do, and why now. And for me it is the fun of psychiatry.
And you don't have a right to self-discovery. It's somewhat meaningless to claims "rights" for everything which cannot be enshrined and it's not in any of the ethical guidelines because self-discovery has nothing to do with ethics (unlike self-determination or autonomy which is a governing principle and is many ways as suppressed by psychiatric intervention). As much as find psychiatric diagnosis distasteful I don't see how it would shroud self-discovery anymore than anything else does. The very systems we live in seek to ensure we do not know ourselves, and how would we know if we did? One of the reasons people seek psychotherapy is for "self-discovery" but who's to say that the self one discovers is really who they are. Many of my patients have a perception of who their true selves are that are more fantasy than anything else and they may commit suicide if they discovered themselves. Don't we also have the right to not discover ourselves? Assuming this is an ethical isssue, do we in the helping professions have a duty to secure someone's "right to self-discovery" when to do so would harm the individual?
Some further readings on different approaches to formulation:
Cabaniss DL, Cherry S, Douglas CJ, Graver R, Schwartz AR. Psychodynamic Formulation. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2013
Campbell WH,, Rohrbaugh RM. The Biopsychosocial Formulation Manual: A guide for mental health professionals. New York: Routledge, 2006
Chisholm MS, Lyketsos CG. Systematic Psychiatric Evaluation: A Step-by-Step Guide to Applying the Perspectives of Psychiatry. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012
Johnson L, Dallos R. (Eds.) Formulation in Psychology and Psychotherapy: Making Sense of People’s Problems. New York: Routledge, 2014
McHugh PR, Slavney PR. The Perspectives of Psychiatry 2nd ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998
McWilliams N. Psychoanalytic Case Formulation. New York: Guildford Press, 1999
Persons JB. The Case Formulation Approach to Cognitive-Behavior Therapy. New York: Guildford Press, 2008