Probably not as much for an MBA either. We have Stanford, Berkeley and Santa Clara. Mt. Saint Mary's and San Jose State aren't bad either. I graduated from a lesser known Bay Area state university but my cohort of 32 and I fared just as well for job offers in and out of state. My classmates have found positions in Salesforce, Google and Genetech to name a few. I believe the perception of one program doing better than another comes from admission criteria. Many top ranked schools require management experience (as it should be) while some even require management experience within a Fortune 500. In other words, many of those schools admit students who have already done well, currently holding mid/upper management positions and are sponsored by their company. They then publish their graduates' salaries in pretty charts showing how much grads are earning. A good Forb's article illustrated earnings before/after in comparison to tuition from top MBA schools. If you look it up, the top schools are not so flattering when the before/after comparison is made. The post salary range looked great when displayed alone. That's because enrolled applicants usually came in with an already decent salary range.
As for med school, yes, the pedigree may open up more doors to residency positions, however I believe that GPA and STEP scores are significantly more weighted.
This topic is really intriguing in a way. It's existence demonstrates that for some people, pedigree does matter. And it can matter to individuals for a variety of reasons. Name-branding and personal experiences being a few. A patient told me that she wanted her TKA to be performed at Stanford, "because it's Stanford". No other reason. Being from the area and having done my observations at multiple sites, Stanford is good... But we have a few smaller and more conveniently located community hospitals that have equal or better outcomes. I also had a patient who was a clinical pharmacist tell me that if all things being equal on paper and interview, she will look over a candidate for a new clinical pharmacist position if said newly licensed pharmacist graduated from her alma mater. Surprised, I asked her why. She told me that she felt that the school's curriculum prepared her poorly for clinical pharmacy when compared to UCSF.
Biases will always exist. Luckily, they seem small and far between.