Got a Ph.D in Human Physiology so I would like to help any test taker who may have question related to human physiology.
I would like to answer any question related to Human Physiology
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No problem. I would like to contribute some to (Foreign trained dentist)FTD since we have to make much more effort to achieve our dream in US. We need to study much harder than american dental students so we can have higher score than them. Thus we will have better chance to get admitted to those programs.
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hi chahatai....pls answer this.
transverse colon and rectum are supplied by ?
SMA or IMA ?
decks says IMA answer
NBDE first aid says SMA as answer.
i think decks is right........pls confirm.
transverse colon and rectum are supplied by ?
SMA or IMA ?
decks says IMA answer
NBDE first aid says SMA as answer.
i think decks is right........pls confirm.
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one silly doubt-
hypoparathyroidism causes muscle weakness-given in decks 07 in anatomy
hyperparathyroidism '' '' given in '' physiolo
hypo causes muscle weakness,right??so,the one given in physio section is wrong.......am i right???
pls confirm.......
hypoparathyroidism causes muscle weakness-given in decks 07 in anatomy
hyperparathyroidism '' '' given in '' physiolo
hypo causes muscle weakness,right??so,the one given in physio section is wrong.......am i right???
pls confirm.......
I don't know "give in" referring to?
For hypothyroidism, the serum [ca2+] is low, this can cause irritability of nerve system and skeleton muscle. Acute hypothyroidism cause TETANY, patient usually die before other symptoms.
For hypothyroidism, the serum [ca2+] is low, this can cause irritability of nerve system and skeleton muscle. Acute hypothyroidism cause TETANY, patient usually die before other symptoms.
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thanku very much chahatai........
pls clear this-
glucagon has all of the following actions except
a.inc plasma glucose
b.inc plasma free fatty acids and ketoacids
c.dec plasma amino acids
d.inc urea production
The physiology of glucagon:
1. Counter-effect of insulin. Glucagon increase plasma glucose level.
2. Maintain gluconeogenesis which is breakdown of skeleton muscle tissue and lipolysis of adipose tissue during fasting. This means blood fatty acids level increase. When skeleton muscle breakdown, the plasma amino acids level increase, liver cell urea formation increase.
which of the foll vessels has the highest viscosity blood in the body?
aorta
vena cava
vasa recta
pul. vein
pul. artery.
i'm thinking vasa recta bcoz th flow of blood is really slow thru it. Please guide to right answer.
aorta
vena cava
vasa recta
pul. vein
pul. artery.
i'm thinking vasa recta bcoz th flow of blood is really slow thru it. Please guide to right answer.
For normal person(normal hematocrit), the viscosity of blood is related to the blood flow rate (in other words, resistance) of that vessel. The higher the speed, the lower the viscosity. Blood speed is related to blood vessel type: blood speed in arty faster than in veins, so the vein blood viscosity is higher than the blood in artery. For the veins, the bigger diameter, the slower blood flow, the higher viscosity. So the viscosity in vena cava is higher than vena recta because the latter has smaller diameter.
The answer should be Serine.
The purpose of this question is to test the concept of serine protease. Serine proteases are a family of digestive enzymes such as Chymotrypsin, trypsin, etc. The catalytic center of these enzymes contain serine. The hydroxyl group on the serine function like a scissor to attack the peptide bond. After we eat a meal, these enzyme will be activated from preform 9such as Chymotrysinogen) to activated form. These enzyme will digest protein into single amino acids or di-peptide in the digestive lumen.
Hope my answer can help you understand this concept.
The purpose of this question is to test the concept of serine protease. Serine proteases are a family of digestive enzymes such as Chymotrypsin, trypsin, etc. The catalytic center of these enzymes contain serine. The hydroxyl group on the serine function like a scissor to attack the peptide bond. After we eat a meal, these enzyme will be activated from preform 9such as Chymotrysinogen) to activated form. These enzyme will digest protein into single amino acids or di-peptide in the digestive lumen.
Hope my answer can help you understand this concept.
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after ingestion of a protein rich meal,glucagon promotes gluconeogenesis,thereby decresing the plasma amino acid levels..........given in textbook.
it is this sentence which is making me confused........
pls can u explain ............
Whether an otherwise healthy person's body going through glucoeneogenesis or not, all depends on plasma glucose level. If a person eat high protein low carbohydrate diet for long period, his body will be in gluconeogenesis state, the ingested protein will be transformed into glucose to maintain the blood sugar level.
In your case, I am sure it is long term effect, you can check your textbook then tell me.
In your case, I am sure it is long term effect, you can check your textbook then tell me.
hi chahatai
i thought that, glucagon infact decreases urea formation because amino acids will be used for glucose formation by gluconeogenesis..
and the vena cava question is very confusing..i was going with the fact that highest osmolarity of vasa recta will cause it to have highest blood viscosity.. please confirm these answers
i thought that, glucagon infact decreases urea formation because amino acids will be used for glucose formation by gluconeogenesis..
and the vena cava question is very confusing..i was going with the fact that highest osmolarity of vasa recta will cause it to have highest blood viscosity.. please confirm these answers
You should read gluconeogenesis again from your textbook. It is very straightforward, the more protein breakdown, the more urea our body will make.
Vena recta has highest osmolarity? How does this come from?
My 2 cents opinion: you should study much harder for your biochemistry and physiology section since seems like you don't know too much about some basic but important concepts. Otherwise, you won't get a satisfied score in your exam. So focus on your study before you start doing the ASDA bio/phy paper, otherwise you will get frustrated and confused.
Vena recta has highest osmolarity? How does this come from?
My 2 cents opinion: you should study much harder for your biochemistry and physiology section since seems like you don't know too much about some basic but important concepts. Otherwise, you won't get a satisfied score in your exam. So focus on your study before you start doing the ASDA bio/phy paper, otherwise you will get frustrated and confused.
hi chahatai
i thought that, glucagon infact decreases urea formation because amino acids will be used for glucose formation by gluconeogenesis..
and the vena cava question is very confusing..i was going with the fact that highest osmolarity of vasa recta will cause it to have highest blood viscosity.. please confirm these answers
Which of the foll. characterizes the generator potential of a receptor?
-all or none response
-propogated in a non decremental manner
-graded according to the strength of stimulus
-universally present in all nerve tissues
-all or none response
-propogated in a non decremental manner
-graded according to the strength of stimulus
-universally present in all nerve tissues
polypeptide hormones increase each of the foll except
inositol triphosphate conc.
intracell. Ca conc.
intracell. K conc.
adenylyl cyclase activity
protein kinase c activity
i know the last 2 increase , but how do i eliminate other options. Please help.
inositol triphosphate conc.
intracell. Ca conc.
intracell. K conc.
adenylyl cyclase activity
protein kinase c activity
i know the last 2 increase , but how do i eliminate other options. Please help.
Hi chahatai,
Could you plz answer this q ,
what is the different between epinephrine norepinephrine ?? I am quite confused.
another question : Why tetanus does not occur in heart muscle?
Thank you in advance
Could you plz answer this q ,
what is the different between epinephrine norepinephrine ?? I am quite confused.
another question : Why tetanus does not occur in heart muscle?
Thank you in advance
Hi, Chahatai,
Could you, please, explain what glucagon does and what doesn't?
I have read a lot of material and now I'm a little bit confused.
Does glucagon promotes protein breakdown from muscle cells? (I know it promotes amino acids uptake by the liver, so gluconeogenesis can rise glucose blood levels... but I'm not sure about where do the amino acids come from, except for a high protein diet).
Anyway, if you could clarify that, I'll be grateful.
By the way, as a FTD, I can say you're doing something great for us!
pd: By the way, my confusion comes from the fact that I read on a google book (I can't find it now) that amino acids's blood levels are unaffected by glucagon, I mean, it doesn't increase them.
Could you, please, explain what glucagon does and what doesn't?
I have read a lot of material and now I'm a little bit confused.
Does glucagon promotes protein breakdown from muscle cells? (I know it promotes amino acids uptake by the liver, so gluconeogenesis can rise glucose blood levels... but I'm not sure about where do the amino acids come from, except for a high protein diet).
Anyway, if you could clarify that, I'll be grateful.
By the way, as a FTD, I can say you're doing something great for us!
pd: By the way, my confusion comes from the fact that I read on a google book (I can't find it now) that amino acids's blood levels are unaffected by glucagon, I mean, it doesn't increase them.
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Well, according to the Poiseuille's Law, the radius has the most powerful relationship with resistance. The bigger the radius, the lesser the resistance, if n (hematocrit) is kept constant.
So, assuming that I haven't mix up the concepts, the blood flow in IVC must be faster than in Vasa Racta.
Also, as Vasa Recta is the one in charge of picking up the ions and other stuff reabsorbed in kidneys... I would go with it as the answer.
Again, please, save us.
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sorry for my late answer. I think you are right. I did not think this question clearly. Thanks for correction.
Well, according to the Poiseuille's Law, the radius has the most powerful relationship with resistance. The bigger the radius, the lesser the resistance, if n (hematocrit) is kept constant.
So, assuming that I haven't mix up the concepts, the blood flow in IVC must be faster than in Vasa Racta.
Also, as Vasa Recta is the one in charge of picking up the ions and other stuff reabsorbed in kidneys... I would go with it as the answer.
Again, please, save us.
Chahatai:
Decks state that "Hemoglobin is a major intracellular buffer"? Then later they state that it is an important buffer in the blood..? Blood is clearly extracellular and I do know that deoxyHb is responsible for carrying H+ ions in the blood so can you help me with this? Is Hb an important buffer in both or is this an error in the decks? Thank you much!
Decks state that "Hemoglobin is a major intracellular buffer"? Then later they state that it is an important buffer in the blood..? Blood is clearly extracellular and I do know that deoxyHb is responsible for carrying H+ ions in the blood so can you help me with this? Is Hb an important buffer in both or is this an error in the decks? Thank you much!
Note that aVF shows a large net positive QRS. There is no Q wave because septal depolarization is not directed away from the lead (see ECG rules). The R wave is very positive because early ventricular depolarization is largely directed toward this lead. The S wave is also present because the terminal depolarization of the upper wall of the left ventricle is directed away from aVF. In contrast, aVL shows an initial Q wave (septal depolarization is directed away from the lead) followed by a moderately positive R wave.
The mean electrical axis corresponds to the axis that is perpendicular to the lead axis that has the smallest net QRS amplitude (net amplitude = positive minus negative deflection voltages of QRS complex). In the above figure, lead III would have the smallest net amplitude (the ECG would be biphasic with equal positive and negative deflections). The mean electrical axis, therefore, is perpendicular to lead III, which is 120° minus 90°, or approximately +30° in this example. Leads I and II will have equally positive QRS deflections. Lead aVR would have the greatest negative deflection.
To determine the mean electrical axis from the ECG, find the lead axis that has a biphasic (equally positive and negative QRS deflections - i.e., no net deflection), then find the lead axis that is perpendicular (90°) to the biphasic lead and that has a positive net deflection. In the six limb leads in the example below, aVL is biphasic. The positive perpendicular axis to aVL is +60°. Therefore, the mean electrical axis is +60°, which is norma
To determine the mean electrical axis from the ECG, find the lead axis that has a biphasic (equally positive and negative QRS deflections - i.e., no net deflection), then find the lead axis that is perpendicular (90°) to the biphasic lead and that has a positive net deflection. In the six limb leads in the example below, aVL is biphasic. The positive perpendicular axis to aVL is +60°. Therefore, the mean electrical axis is +60°, which is norma
