There is obviously a difference between working hard/learning and doing busy work/not learning at all. You want to make sure you do not choose the latter residency program. The perception is subjective, but you may want to ask some questions to sort this out when you interview:
1) How often is there an attending covering clinic at the county and/or the VA hospital?
2) What are some of the recent changes the program has made to improve the residency or based on resident feedback?
3) How many patients does a resident see per day, is this proportional to the surgical case load?
4) What is the backup system when junior residents are on-call? Is an attending always available and reachable?
5) Are there review courses available for OKAP preparation?
6) Are there stipends to support resident research and travel to national conferences and poster presentations?
7) Are the residents happy/confident with their training?
Programs that strive to improve attending coverage at public hospitals, make annual changes/improvements, provide review courses, etc. are obviously pro-resident even though some of them may require residents to carry a heavy workload. These program generally produce knowledgeable and confident graduates and they are considered the most desirable (and not malignant) programs.