Each medical specialty has their own board. ABMS is the combination of all these medical specialty boards. NBPAS is the new rebel board that was formed in protest to the boards, which are essentially a monopoly. Board certification used to be this extra totally optional thing that is now becoming almost a default to practice (well, to get clinical privileges, lots of jobs, etc). So we essentially feel as if we need to be licensed by our state medical board and board certified to practice -- two governing bodies, lots of paperwork, lots of hassles, lots of increasing requirements.
How is it done in Australia?
Wow, that sounds...complicated.
Here you're a Fellow of whatever the appropriate 'Royal' college is - so my Psychiatrist is a Fellow of The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (FRANZCP), my GP is a Fellow of The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (FRACGP), and so on.
Edited to add: I forgot to include that we do also have a medical board and a regulation agency here as well, that you have to be registered with in order to practice. At the top you have AHPRA (Australian Health Practitioners Regulation Agency) which overseas all boards (medical board, nursing, psychology, etc etc). Then in terms of Doctors (those with an MBBS or more recently an MD title) they have to register with the Australian Medical Board (again which is regulated/overseen by AHPRA) in order to be allowed to legally practice medicine and have a medicare provider number. Specialists, such as Psychiatrists are required to undergo the required training from their specific college, and to be accepted as a Fellow of that college, before they can be listed as a specialist on their registration with the Australian Medical Board.
For example, my Psychiatrist is registered something similar to this:
Dr _______
Profession: Medical Practitioner
Registration number: xxxxxxxxx
Status
: Registered
Registration expiry date
: xx/xx/xxxx
Principal place of practice: Somewhere in South Australia
Registration Type
: General
Registration Type: Specialist
Specialty: Psychiatrist
Qualifications: MB BS Adelaide, FRANZCP