What I'm saying is that the distribution problem will be solved with an oversupply of doctors that will force salaries so low that doctors will have to leave San Francisco, Manhattan, and Hawaii and move to rural Wisconsin and South Dakota. but I don't want that to happen, because salaries will then be very low across the board and we will all be very unhappy.
Right, he'll stay in NY for 200k. But if there were so many hospitalists in NY that there were absolutely no jobs, or if NY jobs were now paying only 100K, and rural jobs 300k, or maybe 200 k, he'll have to move or he won't be able to pay his bills. So there is a gradient now, but at some greater gradient, or at some level of salary so low that you can't live comfortably, doctors will have to move.
I'm saying that it's a mistake to think that doctors are somehow magically immune from economic pressure. They are not. Why do you think doctors sign up for IPOs and PPOs and take deeply discounted rates from insurance companies? Because otherwise they will lose the patients, not because they want to help the insurance companies out. When there's enough pressure, doctors close their practices and take jobs as employees. They move to where the jobs are.
Actually, there's probably plenty of work for a hand surgeon in rural areas, due to agricultural trauma.
More importantly, specialists will revert to a more generalist practice if it will get them a more lucrative practice. So, if that ortho hand surgeon is offered a better job somewhere else for general ortho, the hand surgeon will take that job and do general ortho. I know lots of doctors who don't use their fellowships, because they can get a better job if they do the specialty and not the subspecialty. I'm in a large multispecialty group, and the nature of the practice requires many subspecialists to take call and do cases that are in the specialty, and not subspecialty, because of the needs of the group. They would never do those cases in their own practice, but in order to have this otherwise desirable job, they compromise. Similarly, doctors even now move to undersirable or 3rd or 4th choice locations because the job is otherwise desirable. If economic pressures get larger, they will be more willing to move.
Old-fashioned economics made incorrect assumptions. Modern Behavioral Economics is a great predictor of "irrational" behavior. I highly recommend books by Dan Arielli, Levitt and Dubner, and Daniel Kahneman, who won the Nobel Prize in economics for developing the field of behavioral economics.