RT before or after vertebral augmentation?

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Kroll2013

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Dear colleagues,
What is the best practice concerning pathological painful compression vertebral fracture (at the level of T9 for ex.)?
MRI shows minimal retropulsion without significant compromise of the spinal canal.
Does the sequencing of VA and RT affect the speed of pain relief?

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Personally, I've only seen and done surgery followed by XRT, which seems to be the predominant practice pattern at the institutions I've been affiliated with. Off the top of my head, that's the most common sequencing in the literature as well.

Now, if you were presented with the option to do either...I would lean towards doing surgery first regardless. I feel like, in the majority of cases, the driver of pain is not only the cancer destroying bone, but also the mechanical trauma of a fracture. While XRT can kill the cancer, it can't fix the mechanical issues. Surgery can stabilize the spine (and usually remove at least some burden of disease) to start the patient healing from that perspective. Following surgery with radiation will (obviously) help kill disease and prevent recurrence.

If there is a speed difference, it's probably minimal, and I'm more concerned about long-term outcomes. I'm very interested in hearing if people have strong opinions in a different direction!
 
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The first question you need to ask yourself is: "Why is vertebral augmentation suggested?".
Pain is not the answer. Pain can be dealt with quite well using radiotherapy.

Surgery is indicated in case of vertebral instability (SINS-score >6) or neurologic issues due to compression of nerves/spinal cord.
Surgery has/is also being used in oligometastatic, young, good PS patients, with effective systemic options as a type of "tumor debulking", something that is (in my view) being ouphased, now that we are more comfortable in giving ablative doses to spine lesions and not just the usual 30/3 or 20/4.

In terms of timing, I do not see any reason why to perform radiotherapy prior to surgery. If the patient is in grave pain, the spine is unstable (but without any neurologic issues) and the surgeons want to operate in a few weeks (because the OR-schedule is full, people are sick on vacation, COVID, whatever...) then you can give a single shot of 8 Gy now and the patient can have surgery ina few weeks to fix the bone.

I have never performed radiotherapy prior to a planned surgery. What has happened before and I am sure will keep happening is that the surgeons will say "Oh, we don't want to operate, the spine is stable", I will start irradiating and after X fractions the patient will experience a major complication (spinal cord compression due to acute vertebral fracture for instance) and will need to have an emergency surgery. Sucks, but happens every now and then.
 
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For small stabilization of compression fractures (vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty and may include some retropulsion) I've done SBRT prior to procedure with good results (of course with upfront NS input). Single arm trial by Timmerman on this.
 
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Depends on reason for pain. VCFs can hurt even with zero cancer there. But if cancer is eroding the edges of the bone there's likely pain there.

IMO probably doesn't matter. If patient is getting true stabilization or corpectomy, would just do RT after. If patient getting kypho, probably doesn't hurt to wait either. If surgery delayed would be fine IMO to treat. Don't really worry about fibrosis in this setting.
 
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Assuming you’re talking about elective kypho/vertebroplasty. At my training institution the neuro IRs liked us to go first to sterilize the disease that’s there. I can’t think of a compelling reason to make IR go first.
 
Assuming you’re talking about elective kypho/vertebroplasty. At my training institution the neuro IRs liked us to go first to sterilize the disease that’s there. I can’t think of a compelling reason to make IR go first.

This is how I approach it as well. Short course RT then cement or fixation when possible. It just makes the RT easier to plan to a smaller volume with no risk of surgical tract or hardware seeding.

The surgery is more effective for the pain for most significant compression fractures or other bony abnormalities. So if the patient has poorly controlled pain that can be a reason to go to surgery first in my opinion, though it depends on your logistics.

Some IRs are pushing for RFA and kyphoplasty alone, cutting out radiation in this setting entirely. So maybe one possible answer is no RT at all?
 
This is how I approach it as well. Short course RT then cement or fixation when possible. It just makes the RT easier to plan to a smaller volume with no risk of surgical tract or hardware seeding.

The surgery is more effective for the pain for most significant compression fractures or other bony abnormalities. So if the patient has poorly controlled pain that can be a reason to go to surgery first in my opinion, though it depends on your logistics.

Some IRs are pushing for RFA and kyphoplasty alone, cutting out radiation in this setting entirely. So maybe one possible answer is no RT at all?
I get worried they won't sterilize the field and you end up with eventual failure around the cement. Thankfully I'm either seeing them directly from another specialist first or in combo with IR
 
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Some IRs are pushing for RFA and kyphoplasty alone, cutting out radiation in this setting entirely. So maybe one possible answer is no RT at all?

Then wouldn't refer to those IRs anymore. RFA for bone mets upfront is a hard no-no for me unless on clinical trial based on current evidence.
 
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We don't refer to those IRs. There are multiple spine groups (ortho and neuro spine) willing to inject cement who we refer to instead. It's the hospitalists and med oncs who place the referrals to IR who often never even call rad onc.

The reason for this is because here in weird academics land, when the hospitalist puts in a consult for IR, the IR mid-level or fellow shows up quickly after the consult is placed with a smiling face and takes care of things. The hospitalists know exactly who the IR is or mid-level is who will take care of their consult because it's basically only one of them who does the kyphos plus the IR mid-level typically does all the inpatient consults. So it's easy for them to curbside and they know who's responsible for the consult and who to contact for any follow-up.

Meanwhile, a different rad onc attending is responsible for inpatient consults based on day or even time of day (morning or PM coverage). Inpatients are usually staffed as attending only without midlevel/resident support. The rad oncs often have to see the consult end of day or next morning due to high volume of clinic patients. The academic rad onc may not be very happy to even get the inpatient consults. That rad onc might not be at the hospital very often, and the cast and crew taking care of inpatients changes all the time. Further, multiple hand-offs often take place, which makes it hard for the hospitalists to know who to contact, curbside, or follow-up with.

At the end of the day, we provide poor customer service to the inpatient teams and lose patients. Every once and awhile departmental leadership groans at us about this, we tell them to provide us a consistent inpatient service, they tell us no, and the status quo continues. This is the same reason why neurosurgery gets consulted for every brain met, even if the patient is clearly not a surgical candidate. They have a resident service responsible for seeing every inpatient consult, no matter the reason, so it's easy for the referring services to place the consult and have something happen quickly.

unless on clinical trial based on current evidence.

I proposed a randomized clinical trial to the IR who does the cement/RFA alone. No way that's going to happen. Surgeons and other proceduralists seem to have no problem just going off and doing things, then writing retrospective series to justify it later.
 
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This is how I approach it as well. Short course RT then cement or fixation when possible. It just makes the RT easier to plan to a smaller volume with no risk of surgical tract or hardware seeding.


yes.

after seeing multiple cases of seeding, I like this approach. like pre-op SRS for brain metastasis.
 
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