URGENT (Different Reducing Agents) - H2, LDA, etc

[stester77s]

Hello everyone. Can you please list the important reducing agents for the MCAT (some that come to mind are LDA, H2, H2NNH2, etc...), and can you please list what and how they reduce?

For example: H2 + metal catylst reduces an alkene to an alkane, it reduces aromatics to a non-aromatic, it reduces CN to an amine.

Etc. Thank you!

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[tdod]

for carbonyls:

• LiAlH is an extremely strong reducing agent and reduces any carbonyl to an alcohol
• NaBH4 is a more mild reducing agent and can ONLY reduce aldehydes and ketones to alcohols; it can not reduce amines, esters, etc.
• DiBAlH can reduce esters to aldehydes.

all of these reducing agents work by donating a hydride ion.

 

[stester77s]

for carbonyls:

• LiAlH is an extremely strong reducing agent and reduces any carbonyl to an alcohol
• NaBH4 is a more mild reducing agent and can ONLY reduce aldehydes and ketones to alcohols; it can not reduce amines, esters, etc.
• DiBAlH can reduce esters to aldehydes.

all of these reducing agents work by donating a hydride ion.

Awesome. Thank you.

Others?

 

[DannySCR]

Awesome. Thank you.

Others?

a useful way of remembering the differnece between LiAlH and NaBH4 is think Lithium-all= it reduces any carbonyl...

H2/Nickel reduces C=C bonds ( usually called rainey nickel reduction)
H2/Pd is also a strong reducing agent for alkenes and alkynes
A very useful reducing agent for alkynes is h2/Lindlar's which reduces a carbon-carbon triple bond to an alkene and stops there before it becomes an alkane