The Coast Guard hasn't fallen under Department of Transportation since April 2002 (or maybe 2003, I don't remember). At that time they moved under DHS: Dept of Homeland Security, not HHS: Health and Human Services, but when used in wartime capacities, they do fall under DoD control and administration.
If you are thinking about joining the military as a medical professional, you absolutely need to speak to an Officer Recruiter, ideally an Officer Health Professions recruiter. This is NOT the recruiter in the office in the strip mall; those recruiters' jobs are to get people to enlist in the military. They'd take you in the heartbeat, but not as a pharmacist or nurse or medical administrator or physician or allied health professional.
Now, you really, REALLY need to speak to someone who is knowledgeable in this area. That would exclude anyone who falls under the heading of "I heard from a friend.....," and it pretty much rules out a lot of things that you may be told in a chatroom such as this one. At least people in here will tell you "this is what I heard, but you should verify that with someone who knows."
My experience (20+ years with Navy medicine) is that pharmacists will work in hospitals of all sizes, both inside and outside of the United States. Hospital pharmacists will do a lot of hospital-type work, but keep in mind that the patient population tends to be younger and healthier than most, so there's a lot of Orthopedic-related work. The other side of that is the incredible upswing in Traumatic Brain Injuries and survival of severely injured patients who would have died from those injuries a few years ago, so my guess is there will be a great deal of research done through military medical facilities. If that interests you, this could be an excellent time to become part of the military health care team.
Pharmacists can also be assigned to clinics, and will serve a primarily outpatient population consisting of military members, their families, and possibly retirees. Hospitals and clinics can be stateside or overseas. Part of the 'draw' of military medicine is the opportunity to work closely with people around the world and get a take on how they do things. At the naval hospital in Japan, we had two military pharmacists and about 15 techs of varying rank and experience. We also ran Japanese interns through the facility every year, so the 'training' part of the pharmacists' jobs involved working with the interns. Stateside facilities usually have interns also, but those will be American medical students.
Military members move around. As was stated, people tend to move every 3-4 years. If this is a problem, then please do not consider a career in the military. You can, however, seek employment as a civilian health care professional in a military facility (see usajobs.gov). Military members also get deployed on ships, with field units, as traveling medical teams, or any number of other possibilities.
To get the straight scoop, you might want to check out the actual military sites (goarmy.com, gonavy.com, not sure about the Air Force). From there you can be referred to someone in your geographic area who can answer questions factually.
