Maybe people refer to "private practice ER", but I'm not sure I've ever heard that before.
The actual job doesn't change much from "community ER" compared to "academic ER", at least from the perspective of pulling shifts in the ER.
I practice in a community ER, meaning that one of our primary goals isn't to train ER residents (although many residents rotate through community ERs). I have no pressure or incentive to publish papers or conduct research.
In academic ER, you become an assistant professor, and full professor, etc. and get a pay raise if you achieve those designations.
To achieve these designations, you teach lectures, and try on your shifts to teach residents as you are seeing patients, but there is also pressure and incentive to do research and contribute to the Department and Hospital in ways other than just pulling shifts. Some people work at academic institutions and are "clinical staff", meaning they have no other responsibilities other than moving meat on shift. Where I trained, about a 1/3 of the staff were clinical guys, but they still taught you on shift, you still presented to them, and they still taught occasional lectures.
Admittedly, I don't understand everything involved, but I think the line is kind of blurry when you look closely at a some jobs and try to classify them as "community medicine" and "academic medicine".
If anyone can help me better explain what it entails to become a full professor, and what is unique about working in an academic center, feel free to share.
My ER group is a C- corporation, with the only members being the ER docs. There is a buy in period were you buy shares (taken pre-tax). As such, we have the contract to staff the ER and bill for services given by the ER docs. If the hospital doesn't like our ER group, they can cancel the contract and hire a different group of doctors to staff the ER, who could come from a different corporation of doctors in a neighbouring city, or they could hire a ginormous national corporation like EMCare.
There are large businesses that specialize in staffing ERs. When you work for them, you generally get a wage, and probably don't have many administrative duties. The company takes care of billing and recruiting. My small 5 person corporation has to hire office staff, and take care of billing, and the finances of running an ER.
One major difference is that if my corporation takes in more earnings than were payed out to the ER docs, then we can divide up the excess every 6 months and give ourselves a bonus. My ER is rather small, and as a result, we probably experience more ebb and flow of patient volume, our hourly wage is lower than guys who work in large centers. I think this is done to give a cushion to the director to be able to take into account potential short-falls in collections. I got a $25,000 bonus for christmas unexpectedly because our patient volume was up. In a large corporation, that excess would have gone to profit of the overall company, rather than the ER docs themselves.
Technically, I am not a hospital employee. I have to obtain hospital priviliges, and the hospital can take away my privileges. Therefore in essence, they could force my employer to fire me. However, my paycheck comes from the C-corp that employs me. If our group flounders for some reason, and isn't pulling in enough money, the hospital has no obligation to help us out financially. We sink or swim independent of them.
Some ER doctors are hired directly by the hospital and the hospital pays them a wage and takes the profits or losses of the ER.