Expanding a little on OBP's list:
consist of 3 year fellowships done after a 3 year pediatric residency (fellowship accredited by the American Board of Pediatrics)
neonatology
critical care
endocrinology
infectious diseases
nephrology
pulmonary
rheumatology
gastroenterolgy
cardiology
heme/onc
developmental pediatrics
child abuse and neglect (after 2010 requires a 3 year fellowship and has the standard "scholarly work" component, i.e. publication of some research)
There are a few special cases (that have somewhat mixed or multiple paths):
-Adolescent (boarded by ABP, but three pathways: Peds+standard 3 years or FM or IM+2 years fellowship)
-Pedi EM (Peds+3 years [has research requirement] or EM+ 2 years. Exam is administered by the ABP but the ABP and ABEM are "cosponsoring boards" and a Ped-->PEM would be certified by the ABP, an EM-->PEM by ABEM)
-Pedi neuro and Neurodevelopmental Disabilities (multiple pathways. The most common is 2-3 years of peds residency followed by 3 years of "fellowship" which is really a residency in neurology. 1st year of fellowship is adult neurology and the latter two years specific training in child neurology or NDD [which will include substantial neurology]. This specialty is boarded by the ABPN and practitioners are neurologists with "special qualification" in Child or NDD. If they meet eligibility for board certification in Peds, they may be dual boarded, though BC in Peds is not required. More recently the 2 year-of peds residency pathway has become more strict and requires certain rotations in peds to be completed [reducing scheduling flexibility] before fellowship. The other two pathways are 1 year of Peds, 1 year of IM (a pathway utilized mostly by people who started in adult neurology but want child/NDD training from what I heard) or one year of peds and a held PhD in neuroscience)
-Hospitalist (no board and does not require formal hospitalist training. However there are a handful of training programs focusing on academic pediatrics for hospitalists that are 1-2 years long)
-Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (boarded by ABAI which is cosponsored by the ABP and ABIM. Entry into field is via Peds, Internal Medicine, or Med/Peds. Fellowship is 2-3 years in length. No such thing really as a "pediatric" or "adult" AA&I, just where the person practices and with whom. Training encompasses all ages)
-Palliative Care (brand new to being a boarded subspecialty-or will be soon. Multiple pathways: Peds, IM, FM, EM, OB/GYN, Psych, radiology + 2 years fellowship. BC is not required to practice palliative medicine, but there is a drive to make universal standards of training and quality of practitioners via certification. Exam is administered by the ABIM, but there are multiple cosponsoring boards. DOs who've done an AOA residency in muliple specialties may sit for an exam cosponsored by AOBFM, AOBIM, AOBPN,and AOBPM&R)
-Sports Medicine (multiple pathways including FM, Peds, IM, EM, PM&R, and ortho + fellowship. Multiple individual boards may provide certification.)
-Genetics (gets very confusing. There are muliple types of geneticists and pathways. I'm now too tired and confused to write about them)
Then there are specialties of non-pediatric primary fields in which one does the primary field first and then fellowship training in pediatric centers specific to children:
These include but are not limited to:
Pediatric surgery (5 yrs gen surgery+ research, then 2 yrs pedi surg fellowship)
Pedi radiology (4 years rad + 1-2 years peds rad)
pedi anesthesiology
pedi surgical specialties
NS
ortho
urology
ENT
Peds Cardiothoracic Surgery (who'd all be in the poor-house if they just did transplant
)
Peds Gynecology
Child Psychiatry
There are also accelerated pathways into combined training: Meds/Peds, Peds/Derm, Peds/Genetics, Peds/EM (general), Peds/PM&R, and Peds/Psych/Child Psych (the triple board).
