Acids and bases

[ravupadh]

What are all of the strong acids/strong bases we need to know for this test?

Also, how do you determine the strength for acids and bases if no pKa values are given? I know how to determine strengths for organic acids, oxacids, and haloacids, but what about the rest (I think most are Lewis acids and bases) such as SO3 and CaO? Also, how do you compare acid strength BETWEEN groups such as one oxacid and another haloacid if no pka values are given?

One last thing. What are all the different types of acid-base chemical equations that we should know? I know the generic equation for acid dissociation like HA + H2O -> A- + H3O+, but what about other equations?

Thanks.

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[Mcat35]

The STRONG ACIDS (all dissociate completely in water) are:
Hydrochloric acid: HCl
Hydrobromic acid: HBr
Hydroiodic acdi: HI
sulfuric acid: H2SO4
Nitric acid: HNO3
Perchloric acid: HClO4

Some other acids that are sometimes considered strong are:
chloric acid (HClO3), bromic acid (HBrO3), perbromic acid (HBrO4), iodic acid (HIO3), and periodic acid (HIO4).


The STRONG BASES (all dissociate completely in water) are:
Lithium hydroxide: LiOH
Sodium hydroxide: NaOH
Potassium hydroxide: KOH
Rubidium hydroxide: RbOH
Cesium hydroxide: CsOH
Calcium hydroxide: Ca(OH)2
Strontium hydroxide: Sr(OH)2
Barium hydroxide: Ba(OH)2
Metal Amides NaNH2
Group 1 hydroxides
group 1 oxides


Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_all_the_strong_acids_and_strong_bases#ixzz1Lj7KusJy


everything else I can't say lol.

 

[GreenRabbit]

If they don't give you pKa and the compound is organic, they're probably asking you to look at the conjugate base to determine acidity. Stable conjugate bases come from more acidic compounds. This might involve looking for resonance, hyperconjugation, or electronegativity comparisons. Also remember the ease of breaking the X-H bond, e.g. HI > HBr > HCl > HF.

For your second question, remember the lewis acid definition (electron acceptor).

 

[ravupadh]

I see... thanks!

However I'm still confused about which chemical equations regarding acidity we should know. I know the generic HA + H2O -> A- + H3O+ but what about all the other types of equations for lewis acids, lewis bases, etc? Thanks.

 

[Mcat35]

I see... thanks!

However I'm still confused about which chemical equations regarding acidity we should know. I know the generic HA + H2O -> A- + H3O+ but what about all the other types of equations for lewis acids, lewis bases, etc? Thanks.

I doubt it gets harder than that man, if it does, its really something that they should provide you the equation in the passage...