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Introduction:
About me: M.D. student at top 20 school. Around top 1/3 of class, though definitely not a tip top student. My MCAT was decent but not remarkable.
Scores:
Rx – 84%
Kaplan – 89%
UWorld 1stpass – 91%
NBME 15 – 257, 9 weeks out
NBME 18 – 255, 6 weeks out
NBME 20 – 252, 5 weeks out
UWSA1 – 275, 4 weeks out
NBME 22 – 259, 3 weeks out
NBME 13 – ~265, offline, 2 weeks out
NBME 16 – ~263, offline, 2 weeks out
NBME 17 – ~265, offline, 2 weeks out
NBME 21 – 265, 1 week out
UWSA 2 – 271, 4 days out
Free 120 – 95% correct, 2 days out
Actual step 1: 268
Principle of learning
Medical school is overwhelming. The amount of information we need to learn is truly remarkable. There will be times throughout the process, even very close to the test, that it feels like an impossible task. How can you keep track of everything you need to know, the interactions between all these things, and still maintain the ability to work through completely novel questions from basic principles?
Your conscious mind can’t. But you’re still going to be able to do it.
If you’re not into metaphors, skip this next part. Personally, I love metaphors because they’re models that your brain can use to make sense of very complicated situations.
Think of your brain as a closet, and everything you need to learn as the things you fill that closet with. When you learn a new piece of information, this is like throwing a new piece of clothing or a pair of shoes or something into your closet. But when you first learn it, you’re just throwing it in there. You’re not thinking about where it fits in, how it connects to other items in your wardrobe, or anything else about it. You’ve just stuffed that new piece of knowledge into the closet.
If you threw a pair of socks into your closet and then didn’t think about them, do you think you could find them 6 months later when you needed them? Maybe, but probably not. This is where spaced repetition comes in – spaced repetition is continuously reminding yourself where you put things.
Now, if the amount you needed to learn was actually similar to the number of items you put in your closet, this would be all you need. But it’s not. By my estimation, there are about 35,000 discrete facts that make up a preclinical medical school curriculum. You need to remember, understand, and be able to apply most of these facts.
This is where organization comes in. If you had 35 THOUSAND items of clothing, there is no way you could find the single pair of socks you were looking for when you needed it. The facts that you used frequently would get placed on the top and you could find them, but everything else would get lost in the mess. Even with spaced repetition, you’re going to be losing the war to mental entropy. Facts are going to keep disappearing if they’re all disjointed, even with daily effort.
Question banks allow you to test, think about, and draw connections. Eventually, they can turn your pile of facts into a more cohesive whole. When you first learn about a type of malignancy, for instance, you might learn what age people most commonly get it, the clinical signs, the treatment, the histology, imaging findings and random facts about genetic rearrangements or other cancer markers. That’s like getting a blue striped button-down shirt with pockets. Which of these is most important – IE, how should you categorize this cancer or shirt? With a piece of clothing, we have pretty good intuition about what’s most important – usually, the style. I’d put that blue striped button-down shirt with my other button-down shirts, not with my other blue shirts, or my other striped shirts, or my other shirts with pockets. This is harder to do with new clinical knowledge, but question banks will intuitively teach you about how new information should be organized and what facets of it are most important to remember (although any of the facts about it can be tested on, potentially).
Question banks are also merciless in not allowing you to skip information. You can tell yourself that it’s unimportant to know what exact translocation causes APML, but the third time you get a t(15;17) question wrong, you’re going to learn it. Similarly, I frequently felt that I understood something, but the understanding was brittle: I could answer a question when it was asked in one specific way, but not when it was approached from another angle. If you get a question wrong that you think you should have known, this is really valuable – it means you need to go back to the basic principles related to that question and relearn it until you can answer any question about it, no matter how it’s asked.
Eventually, you will have a well stocked and well organized closet. You will know where all your information is, or at least where to find it. This is the ultimate goal. I knew this wouldn’t be possible to accomplish in the cramped 6 weeks of a study block, so I began early and worked slowly and steadily. In the next sections, I’ll elaborate on the nuts and bolts of this process.
Mindset
First, though, I want to talk a little bit about my mindset throughout this process. If you look at the preclinical years as a chore, you’re never going to get through them. It’s a tough time. It’s a tough time even if you enjoy it. Try to frame your mindset such that you appreciate the privilege of learning and think about how wild it is that you get to learn these things!
Related to this is the idea of learning vs memorizing. Memorizing is not fun. I got through my initial anatomy class with basically just rote learning. I hated it, and almost burned out in the 10 weeks I spent in anatomy. If I had continued that trajectory throughout med school, I think I would have dropped out.
I had an amazing physiology course though, taught by professors who truly educated us. They instilled an appreciation for learning and a desire to question thoroughly and understand deeply. I found this so much more rewarding it wasn’t even in the same realm. Moving forwards, I tried to apply the same techniques to everything I learned in the future. I found that I actually enjoyed relearning anatomy for step prep because I was focusing on functional anatomy and pathology. There is certainly memorizing, but memorizing should be a means of fitting pieces into the larger puzzle.
Class vs. test prep
There have been a ton of threads about people trying to do well in class vs. preparing for Step. This is really silly – preparing for Step IS preparing for class. There are certain things that you’ll get out of class that you won’t get out of Step prep and vice versa, but by and large, you’ll learn the same things. I think what people mean when they say “just focus on doing well in class” is actually just telling people not to spend the first two years just memorizing facts. This isn’t what Step prep should focus on though. Learning everything in a strong, flexible way will serve you well both in class and on Step, and I assume throughout your future. If going to class is the best way for you to do this, do that. If question banks and video resources help you more, then do that.
The one caveat I’d add to this is that you should take clinical opportunities whenever they present themselves. Whenever you have a chance to examine real patients, write notes, or create differentials, take it. These are really important and they aren’t easy. Question banks and anki also will not help you much here – it doesn’t matter how much knowledge you have, this is a new skill that comes only from practice. It also always motivated my learning when I was able to see how my knowledge was being applied. Fully engage with any clinical opportunities your school offers.
Pre-dedicated preparation
Entering medical school, I knew I had some strengths and some weaknesses compared to the average medical student. I was always interested in a few competitive specialties so I knew I needed to play to my strengths and compensate for my weaknesses. I learn things relatively quickly, but I have a poor memory compared to my classmates. My biggest strength, though, has always been my ability to break large tasks into manageable chunks and work through them over long periods of time. My preparation style reflects this.
Matching studying to curriculum and general schedule
I went to a school with a classical curriculum, so my study method reflects this. However, I believe it might actually work even better with a systems based curriculum, and should be easily adaptable to this type of school. For people with a 1.5 year preclinical who take step 1 after 3rdyear, it may be less applicable.
How do you match studying from board prep resources with class curriculum? There are a lot of different ways, but here’s what I did.
There are a few principles I applied here, but a main one was that I learned better from outside resources and used classes/group labs as my second pass. For other people, classes may be a better first pass. In that case, flip this.
First year after anatomy, I focused on Zanki and learning concepts through textbooks. I don’t think this was the ideal way to learn, but it worked alright. I didn’t use any question banks because they often required too many leaps involving simple facts I had not learned yet, so they weren’t super useful. I did do about 200 Rx questions after I finished microbiology and physiology just to see how boards style questions felt – this isn’t essential, but I thought it was helpful for shaping my learning going forwards.
Summer after first year, I kept up with all my old Zanki cards and went through sketchy pharm while completing the anki decks that went along with them. I thought this was super helpful, especially because it meant I only had to watch a couple videos a day and it meant I started the year ahead of the curve.
For my second year, I would learn the initial content through pathoma or sketchy and complete all zanki cards. This sometimes involved me doing work at the end of breaks or while I was in another unit, but you have to learn this stuff sooner or later, and classes worked a lot better for polishing my knowledge than instilling it. During each unit, I would watch boards and beyond videos for class topics for the current day and go through the class slides, adding cards to my deck for any facts that I didn’t know. I did Rx practice questions at the end of each organ system, and would complete all practice questions for a specific system before I my test for that system. I started doing about 20 – 40 Kaplan practice questions per day in December, drawing from all previous units as a sort of review. The day before a test, I would do all the practice questions provided by TAs as well as going through their reviews, but other than that I didn’t do any test specific prep prior to class tests. Constant spaced repetition and questions kept me sharp even if I had been learning something else more recently.
My time breakdown per day: I probably spent about 90 minutes on reviewing old anki cards (for all previous units) and 60 minutes on new/learning ones (adding new cards and going through reviews for the current unit). I spent about 2 hours in active learning discussion labs with classmates. Around 1.5 hour on questions, and around 1.5 hours on video resources. This meant that I was doing about 7.5 hours of work a day. Weekend schedules were similar, except I substituted the discussion labs for an extra hour of videos or questions (so I studied about 6.5 hours each weekend day). I know some people on the internet who talk about studying 10-12 hours every day, but I averaged only around 7 hours a day.
I would recommend reading The Talent Code, which emphasized for me the importance of deep learning and immediate feedback. Active learning frequently felt difficult for me, and I initially thought that meant I was doing it wrong – especially because passively reading textbooks felt easier, like I immediately understood everything that was happening. With my study schedule, especially second year, every day included moments of struggle. But what The Talent Code explained is that moments of struggle, difficult moments, are the moments before you actually learn something. If all your learning feels too easy than you aren’t testing yourself enough – it’s too passive. Try to figure out a way to make it more active and difficult. I think it’s impossible to spend all your time deep learning though, and review outside of this is helpful as well. Versus total time spent studying, I probably spent only 1-3 hours a day in that deep learning state.
About me: M.D. student at top 20 school. Around top 1/3 of class, though definitely not a tip top student. My MCAT was decent but not remarkable.
Scores:
Rx – 84%
Kaplan – 89%
UWorld 1stpass – 91%
NBME 15 – 257, 9 weeks out
NBME 18 – 255, 6 weeks out
NBME 20 – 252, 5 weeks out
UWSA1 – 275, 4 weeks out
NBME 22 – 259, 3 weeks out
NBME 13 – ~265, offline, 2 weeks out
NBME 16 – ~263, offline, 2 weeks out
NBME 17 – ~265, offline, 2 weeks out
NBME 21 – 265, 1 week out
UWSA 2 – 271, 4 days out
Free 120 – 95% correct, 2 days out
Actual step 1: 268
Principle of learning
Medical school is overwhelming. The amount of information we need to learn is truly remarkable. There will be times throughout the process, even very close to the test, that it feels like an impossible task. How can you keep track of everything you need to know, the interactions between all these things, and still maintain the ability to work through completely novel questions from basic principles?
Your conscious mind can’t. But you’re still going to be able to do it.
If you’re not into metaphors, skip this next part. Personally, I love metaphors because they’re models that your brain can use to make sense of very complicated situations.
Think of your brain as a closet, and everything you need to learn as the things you fill that closet with. When you learn a new piece of information, this is like throwing a new piece of clothing or a pair of shoes or something into your closet. But when you first learn it, you’re just throwing it in there. You’re not thinking about where it fits in, how it connects to other items in your wardrobe, or anything else about it. You’ve just stuffed that new piece of knowledge into the closet.
If you threw a pair of socks into your closet and then didn’t think about them, do you think you could find them 6 months later when you needed them? Maybe, but probably not. This is where spaced repetition comes in – spaced repetition is continuously reminding yourself where you put things.
Now, if the amount you needed to learn was actually similar to the number of items you put in your closet, this would be all you need. But it’s not. By my estimation, there are about 35,000 discrete facts that make up a preclinical medical school curriculum. You need to remember, understand, and be able to apply most of these facts.
This is where organization comes in. If you had 35 THOUSAND items of clothing, there is no way you could find the single pair of socks you were looking for when you needed it. The facts that you used frequently would get placed on the top and you could find them, but everything else would get lost in the mess. Even with spaced repetition, you’re going to be losing the war to mental entropy. Facts are going to keep disappearing if they’re all disjointed, even with daily effort.
Question banks allow you to test, think about, and draw connections. Eventually, they can turn your pile of facts into a more cohesive whole. When you first learn about a type of malignancy, for instance, you might learn what age people most commonly get it, the clinical signs, the treatment, the histology, imaging findings and random facts about genetic rearrangements or other cancer markers. That’s like getting a blue striped button-down shirt with pockets. Which of these is most important – IE, how should you categorize this cancer or shirt? With a piece of clothing, we have pretty good intuition about what’s most important – usually, the style. I’d put that blue striped button-down shirt with my other button-down shirts, not with my other blue shirts, or my other striped shirts, or my other shirts with pockets. This is harder to do with new clinical knowledge, but question banks will intuitively teach you about how new information should be organized and what facets of it are most important to remember (although any of the facts about it can be tested on, potentially).
Question banks are also merciless in not allowing you to skip information. You can tell yourself that it’s unimportant to know what exact translocation causes APML, but the third time you get a t(15;17) question wrong, you’re going to learn it. Similarly, I frequently felt that I understood something, but the understanding was brittle: I could answer a question when it was asked in one specific way, but not when it was approached from another angle. If you get a question wrong that you think you should have known, this is really valuable – it means you need to go back to the basic principles related to that question and relearn it until you can answer any question about it, no matter how it’s asked.
Eventually, you will have a well stocked and well organized closet. You will know where all your information is, or at least where to find it. This is the ultimate goal. I knew this wouldn’t be possible to accomplish in the cramped 6 weeks of a study block, so I began early and worked slowly and steadily. In the next sections, I’ll elaborate on the nuts and bolts of this process.
Mindset
First, though, I want to talk a little bit about my mindset throughout this process. If you look at the preclinical years as a chore, you’re never going to get through them. It’s a tough time. It’s a tough time even if you enjoy it. Try to frame your mindset such that you appreciate the privilege of learning and think about how wild it is that you get to learn these things!
Related to this is the idea of learning vs memorizing. Memorizing is not fun. I got through my initial anatomy class with basically just rote learning. I hated it, and almost burned out in the 10 weeks I spent in anatomy. If I had continued that trajectory throughout med school, I think I would have dropped out.
I had an amazing physiology course though, taught by professors who truly educated us. They instilled an appreciation for learning and a desire to question thoroughly and understand deeply. I found this so much more rewarding it wasn’t even in the same realm. Moving forwards, I tried to apply the same techniques to everything I learned in the future. I found that I actually enjoyed relearning anatomy for step prep because I was focusing on functional anatomy and pathology. There is certainly memorizing, but memorizing should be a means of fitting pieces into the larger puzzle.
Class vs. test prep
There have been a ton of threads about people trying to do well in class vs. preparing for Step. This is really silly – preparing for Step IS preparing for class. There are certain things that you’ll get out of class that you won’t get out of Step prep and vice versa, but by and large, you’ll learn the same things. I think what people mean when they say “just focus on doing well in class” is actually just telling people not to spend the first two years just memorizing facts. This isn’t what Step prep should focus on though. Learning everything in a strong, flexible way will serve you well both in class and on Step, and I assume throughout your future. If going to class is the best way for you to do this, do that. If question banks and video resources help you more, then do that.
The one caveat I’d add to this is that you should take clinical opportunities whenever they present themselves. Whenever you have a chance to examine real patients, write notes, or create differentials, take it. These are really important and they aren’t easy. Question banks and anki also will not help you much here – it doesn’t matter how much knowledge you have, this is a new skill that comes only from practice. It also always motivated my learning when I was able to see how my knowledge was being applied. Fully engage with any clinical opportunities your school offers.
Pre-dedicated preparation
Entering medical school, I knew I had some strengths and some weaknesses compared to the average medical student. I was always interested in a few competitive specialties so I knew I needed to play to my strengths and compensate for my weaknesses. I learn things relatively quickly, but I have a poor memory compared to my classmates. My biggest strength, though, has always been my ability to break large tasks into manageable chunks and work through them over long periods of time. My preparation style reflects this.
Matching studying to curriculum and general schedule
I went to a school with a classical curriculum, so my study method reflects this. However, I believe it might actually work even better with a systems based curriculum, and should be easily adaptable to this type of school. For people with a 1.5 year preclinical who take step 1 after 3rdyear, it may be less applicable.
How do you match studying from board prep resources with class curriculum? There are a lot of different ways, but here’s what I did.
There are a few principles I applied here, but a main one was that I learned better from outside resources and used classes/group labs as my second pass. For other people, classes may be a better first pass. In that case, flip this.
First year after anatomy, I focused on Zanki and learning concepts through textbooks. I don’t think this was the ideal way to learn, but it worked alright. I didn’t use any question banks because they often required too many leaps involving simple facts I had not learned yet, so they weren’t super useful. I did do about 200 Rx questions after I finished microbiology and physiology just to see how boards style questions felt – this isn’t essential, but I thought it was helpful for shaping my learning going forwards.
Summer after first year, I kept up with all my old Zanki cards and went through sketchy pharm while completing the anki decks that went along with them. I thought this was super helpful, especially because it meant I only had to watch a couple videos a day and it meant I started the year ahead of the curve.
For my second year, I would learn the initial content through pathoma or sketchy and complete all zanki cards. This sometimes involved me doing work at the end of breaks or while I was in another unit, but you have to learn this stuff sooner or later, and classes worked a lot better for polishing my knowledge than instilling it. During each unit, I would watch boards and beyond videos for class topics for the current day and go through the class slides, adding cards to my deck for any facts that I didn’t know. I did Rx practice questions at the end of each organ system, and would complete all practice questions for a specific system before I my test for that system. I started doing about 20 – 40 Kaplan practice questions per day in December, drawing from all previous units as a sort of review. The day before a test, I would do all the practice questions provided by TAs as well as going through their reviews, but other than that I didn’t do any test specific prep prior to class tests. Constant spaced repetition and questions kept me sharp even if I had been learning something else more recently.
My time breakdown per day: I probably spent about 90 minutes on reviewing old anki cards (for all previous units) and 60 minutes on new/learning ones (adding new cards and going through reviews for the current unit). I spent about 2 hours in active learning discussion labs with classmates. Around 1.5 hour on questions, and around 1.5 hours on video resources. This meant that I was doing about 7.5 hours of work a day. Weekend schedules were similar, except I substituted the discussion labs for an extra hour of videos or questions (so I studied about 6.5 hours each weekend day). I know some people on the internet who talk about studying 10-12 hours every day, but I averaged only around 7 hours a day.
I would recommend reading The Talent Code, which emphasized for me the importance of deep learning and immediate feedback. Active learning frequently felt difficult for me, and I initially thought that meant I was doing it wrong – especially because passively reading textbooks felt easier, like I immediately understood everything that was happening. With my study schedule, especially second year, every day included moments of struggle. But what The Talent Code explained is that moments of struggle, difficult moments, are the moments before you actually learn something. If all your learning feels too easy than you aren’t testing yourself enough – it’s too passive. Try to figure out a way to make it more active and difficult. I think it’s impossible to spend all your time deep learning though, and review outside of this is helpful as well. Versus total time spent studying, I probably spent only 1-3 hours a day in that deep learning state.
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