Two types of problems that you may see on an mcat.
#1: An object is floating on a liquid with a specific gravity of x.y, and z% of it is submerged. What is the specific gravity/density of the water?
The rule for this type of problem is % submerged = density object / density liquid.
Ex: Ball floating on water, 50% submerged. SG of water is 1, so ball has SG of .5, or 500kg/m^3 or .5g/cm^3.
#2: A X kg object with a SG of K is fully submerged in a liquid. The apparent weight of the object is Y kg. What is the density of the liquid?
Ex: 15 kg ball with SG of 9 in a liquid. Apparent weight of the object is 10kg.
This means that the liquid is pushing up with a bouyant force able to counteract 5kg. The rule for these problems is the bouyant force is equal to the weight of liquid displaced. 5 kgs of liquid are displaced by the 15kg ball, meaning the ball has a SG three times that of the liquid, so the liquid has a SG of 3