I have been in private practice for~20 years and have a few obsrevations.
The first decision point is academic vs. practice. I can't really tell you much abouth the former but if you are a resident you have insight into what the life of junior and senior faculty members is like.
As a resident you really get no idea of what practice is like. While some physicians join a hospital based practice or jion a multi specialty group, I think that the private practice of neurology in groups owned by the physicians are thriving. These are tough times for many primary care docs but a neurology practice that is large enough to have a clinical neurophys lab, neurovascular lab, sleep lab and, in some states, imaging can do well.
Fellowship training with broad exposure to CNP or neurovasc imaging is a big plus.
Some groups do a lot of clinical research but that is a big undertaking and you have to have good support personnel.
As far as life style is concerned, outpatient practice is very controllable; inpatient is much less so. This is especially true if you are involved in a stroke unit.
We have always hired people we intend to stay permanently and have structured compensation arrangements with a base salary with productivity incentive for a number of years leading to an ownership interest in the practice. Level of compensation varies by region, I'm sure.