The issue is not the feet; the issue is the surfaces we walk on.
Barefoot was surely awesome when we were cavemen who were in shape and walking on dirt, grass, sand... natural, fairly soft surfaces. Add sandals or mukluks prn for rugged or very cold terrains.
Now, in 2025, we are mostly fat and we walk on flat manmade rock (sidewalks, parking lots, hard floors, stairs). Barefoot is not the way to go. Hard calcaneus + overweight human walking on flat rock = ends badly. It's a safety issue more than anything. Anyone working in a warehouse or post office or parking lot and standing on concrete for 12+ hours a day is going to need serious cushion to the feet, ankles, knees, back... whole kinetic chain. World of Warcraft and TikTok and Slurpees and McD have also seen to it that America is fat AF... so that compounds the issue.
We can use common sense and the fact we see 100+ feet every day over EBM (which, for this topic, is basically all anecdotes from podcasters anyways).
Imo, 90% of people will now do best in a solid running type shoe with a thick EVA cushion midsole (Brooks, Altra, Hoka, Asics, Saucony, NB, etc... take your pick), and it helps to have a PowerStep or SOLE or similar type of prefab in there too... in order to spread the pressure, give even more cushion, and support the PT+PF. Young people or people who don't stand/walk a lot can do the shoes without a good midsole (Cons, Pumas, skate shoes, slip, etc), but it tends to catch up with them as they age/fatten. The other 10% of people with the real outlier foot types (and/or BMI) probably need CFOs of one sort or another and/or Wegovy.
...if patients want to wear barefoot/minimalist shoes, I suggest everything in moderation. Have them do the thin/flex shoes on treadmill or just on rubberized gym floor, for crossfit workout, etc.