Yup... you guys hit it on the head. Memorize as a last resort.
As someone who is only about to start PT school, please take my thoughts with a grain of salt. But here they are:
I remember taking calculus many years ago in high school (I am returning to school after a hiatus in "professional life"). At some pivotal moment, I was taking a test, and I realized I didn't have the formula needed to answer the question. But I knew where the formula came from, so in whatever space on the test was available to me I did a derivation, came up with the formula, and answered the question.
It was something of a transformative moment for me in my academic career, because I'd seen a number of my classmates staring at study sheets trying to memorize things. But those fancier ideas can be derived from more basic ideas. If you understand something, you don't have to memorize it.
Making information meaningful can make it much easier to remember. Here's in example. Say you have two things to learn:
1. The bald man read the newspaper.
2. The funny man bought a ring.
These are two sets of disparate facts, and rely on rote memorization. But let's say that you had to remember these two things instead:
1. The bald man read the newspaper to look for a hat sale.
2. The funny man bought a ring that squirted water.
At this point, there is actually more information to retain, but it is related in some meaningful way. Based on our experience as human beings, it is easy to understand a bald man looking for a hat sale or a funny man looking for a novelty ring. There is more information, but it is meaningful. And ultimately, this kind of information is easier to retain.
I did well in my pre-req anatomy by really seeking to understand--in my own body--the structure and function of the muscles and skeleton. I remember stopping an exam to move around and palpate myself (discreetly), and I think that sort of understanding really helped.
But as has been mentioned, neuro stuff seems to require more tricks to memorize. I was proud of coming up with my own silly stuff for nailing down the cranial nerves. Sitting here, typing this after a couple dinner drinks, they still haven't escaped me. I should check out that einstein book...