Comprehensive list of Organic chem classification tests...

[mddang]

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Let's make a list of classification tests that we need to know for the DAT.

I'll start.. Anyone else who wants to add on, copy and paste what I have written and add on.


1. Iodoform
Positive test with ketones carrying an alpha methyl group and alcohols with a methyl group adjacent to the -OH bearing carbon.
-A yellow precipitate appears as iodoform is produced.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodoform_test#Iodoform_reaction

2. Tollen's
-Positive with aldehydes
Aldehydes are oxidized to carboxylic acids. "silver mirror"
-Positive with terminal alkynes.
A yellow precipitate of silver carbidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_carbide is formed.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tollens'_reagent

3. 2,4-DNP (2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine) test
-Positive with aldehydes and ketones
A precipitate is formed as the imine is produced.
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif].http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%2C4-dnp

4. Jone's oxidation or chromic acid test
-Positive with aldehydes and primary/secondary alcohols.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jone's_reagent

5. Lucas test
-Positive with secondary and tertiary alcohols.
SN1 reaction. The -OH is protonated, the water leaves, and Cl attacks.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucas'_reagent

6. Bromine test
-Positive with alkenes, alkynes
The deep brown color of elemental bromine disappears as it is consumed in the reaction.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine_test

7. Sodium Bicarbonate test
-Positive with carboxylic acids
CO2 gas is evoloved.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate#Chemistry