This will vary widely from one residency site to another, and even more in between the programs at that site. Unlike medical school admissions, there are a lot fewer people involved at looking at your application for residency. One program director at my school told us that he personally reviews every application they get, and he personally separates them into the "definitely interview, maybe interview, and don't interview" piles. If HE thinks your school is good, then it is. If he thinks your school is bad, then it is. His opinion might be extremely different from anyone else's, and you won't know the specifics. This is very different from medical school, where your application is reviewed by a committee. If you apply to a program that few people from your school apply to, and the one guy from your class that did his residency there was an idiot, it will probably be held against you. On the other hand, if your school has sent dozens of superstars through that residency program, you've got an advantage. This PD that spoke to us said that the criteria he used the most was your Step 1 score and whether or not you attended a US medical school.