There really are as many curriculum's out there as there are schools. It's difficult to narrow it down to 2 or 3 types but here goes.
Some schools are traditional...with two years in lecture-based basic science courses (anatomy, biochemistry, cell biology, pathophysiology, etc).
Some schools take the basic sciences and teach them in a case-based problem based learning. In which most of the pathophysiology is learned through in small group sessions and with peer-teaching. Sometimes these schools have more novel approaches for assessment including ones in which tests are anonymous unless you fail.
Many schools mix lecture based with problem based learning for certain classees.
On top of this the assessment methods can vary. Some schools are strictly pass/fail in the first two years. Others have different grading systems for different courses with a common one being Honors/High Pass/Pass/Marginal Pass/Fail.
Some schools have two (or more) tracks of which you choose which you'd prefer (PBL versus lecture-based, etc.). As far as which schools are which, your best bet is to look at the individual's school's website and find these things out when you interview directly from the students. Medical school curriculums seem to be in a state of change right now as the school's attempt to find novel ways of teaching to attract the best and brightest.
