The question seems vague, do you mean do doctors travel as tourists? Depends if you are in a solo private practice because every week you are on vacation is time you are not earning cash and your patients might end up finding another doctor if they can't locate you. Most doctors of this type I know usually only take 1 week a year for the sake of their children.
For people like myself that have stable government jobs with paid vacations we have 1 period of 10 fully paid days every 6 months and we have certain freedom choosing the dates we go on vacations between March-September and another period of 10 days October-February.
They give more priority to employees that have been working more years so if you are the new guy it's likely you will be working during Spring break or Xmas for a few years. I usually don't mind working those days if they give me freebie days during January and November when plane ticket prices are rock bottom and I have Mayan pyramids and tropical beaches all to myself. If you work the shift of let's say the weekend shift doctor you can accumulate owed freebie days and get another week off whenever you feel like it. My job also has something called "economic days" where you have about 10 days you can use or not use either as emergency sick days, extra vacation days or never use them and get paid in full. I usually prefer the cash and try not to use them.
As for doctors that go to foreign countries to assist people in need, they usually require you to have finished a residency or at least have a masters degree in something like public health, they don't only need surgeons but also pediatricians, infectologists, OB/GYN docs, anesthesiologists, orthopedists and probably in the future they will need more and more geriatricians because elderly people are now everywhere. Usually you either become an employee of one of these organizations and they send you off to different countries for long term contracts or you can do short term gigs for 1 week using up your vacation days in a charitable way. I have some friends that have done this and say it's exhausting but worth it.
