I know what the differing etiologies are of these two types of necrosis, but how can you discern between the two, microscopically, with no additional information (patient history) given?
Good question. Robbin's says that morphologically the calcium salts in metastatic calcification resemble those in dystrophic calcification so I think this is going to be tough to call with just the slide.
Yep. There would have to be some other indication which would allow you to identify the type of calcification (e.g. a pathologic diagnosis, or even just serum calcium levels if they want to take it easy on you).