Errata in Master the Boards Pediatrics, 2nd ed.

[Linus van Pelt]

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Page 39 - Under "Mitochondrial Inheritance", the following is stated: "Inheritance is strictly maternal, so no males are affected. All of the daughters will show the abnormality". This is incorrect. Mitochondrial inheritance does not imply gender-specific expression of those traits, only a gender-specific pattern of inheritance. A correct alternate wording could be "Inheritance is strictly maternal, so no male's descendents are affected. All descendents of a female carrying the abnormality will be affected."

Page 74 - Hepatitis C is listed as a contraindication to breastfeeding. Hepatitis C is not a contraindication.

Page 80 - Thiamine is incorrectly identified as B6 (rather than B1) under Table 3.7.

Page 180 - Within Table 7.5 (SIDS), under Infant/Environmental Risk Factors, the following is stated: "higher incidence with previous ALTE". The view that ALTE implies future SIDS risk is an outdated one, and not backed up by recent studies. This should be removed from the table.

Page 323 - Due to a formatting issue, the section on DI, which starts "Inability to concentrate urine in the presence of antidiuretic hormone..." is confusingly listed under the heading "Renal Tubular Acidosis".

Page 397 - Under "Treatment" for Hyperthyroidism, it states that PTU is "less protein-bound so less crosses the placenta and into breast milk". That is incorrect. PTU is actually less soluble and therefore more protein-bound, which is the reason that less crosses the placenta into breast milk. Additionally, this information out of context seems to imply a preference for PTU in breast-feeding mothers, and I can find no suggestion of this in the literature as both are relatively safe, although based on side effect profiles some experts actually recommend methimazole.

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Please point out any errors you have noted in your reading. I will continue to post errors as I discover them.

 

[Linus van Pelt]

Page 85 - "Microcephaly: head circumference <3 standard deviations (SD) below the mean for age and sex". This is not strictly incorrect, as some sources do define it this way; however, others, including the American Academy of Neurology, define microcephaly as less than 2 standard deviations below the mean.

Page 382 - "BA is [more] closely related to stage of sexual maturity than is CA." In this case "more" is missing from the sentence.

Page 406 - Under the heading Pheochromocytoma, it reads "Secretion of large amounts of epinephrine and norepinephrine [causes] significant hypertension ..." In this case "causes" is missing from the sentence.

 

[Linus van Pelt]

More corrections

166 – Bronchiolitis guidelines have been updated since publication – Under “Diagnostic evaluation”, Chest x-ray is no longer recommended on a routine basis as it correlates poorly with disease severity; Under “Further management”, a trial of albuterol is only recommended if there is a history of recurrent wheezing – there is unclear benefit in these cases (It should be noted that guidelines didn’t include cases of severe disease or respiratory failure)
166 – Palivizumab guidelines have been updated since publication – Corrected: “Palivizumab should be used monthly during the RSV season for high-risk infants who are under one year of age at the start of RSV season (<29 weeks’ gestation at birth, or ≥ 29 weeks EGA with certain risk factors including hemodynamically significant CHD, pulmonary or neuromuscular disorders, or immunodeficiency)
167 – “cystic adenomatoid malformation” is now more commonly referred to as congenital pulmonary airway malformation
319 – Under Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome: “complement activated (decreased C3) after injury” – this may be true, especially for severe cases, but serum levels of C3 are within normal limits in the majority of affected patients with STEC HUS (C3 is more commonly low in atypical HUS)
501 – “In homozygous disease (autosomal recessive) only Hgb S is produced” – this is an overreach; HbF may also be present. It is true, however, that HgbA is absent
501 – Under Aplastic Crisis heading: “decreases in Hgb with large reticulocytosis” – the opposite is true – aplastic crisis is associated with significant reticulocytopenia (in contrast with acute splenic sequestration)
502 – In the paragraph starting “early functional…” : “Staph. Pneumonia” – this is a typographic error – clearly Strep. Pneumonia was meant
511 – vWD section “qualitatively normal (type 2)” – Type 2 VWD is a qualitative defect – correct this by changing to “qualitatively abnormal”

 

[Linus van Pelt]

I have several updates for the errata, so I'm listing everything to date, in order.


Page 39 - Under "Mitochondrial Inheritance", the following is stated: "Inheritance is strictly maternal, so no males are affected. All of the daughters will show the abnormality". This is incorrect. Mitochondrial inheritance does not imply gender-specific expression of those traits, only a gender-specific pattern of inheritance. A correct alternate wording could be "Inheritance is strictly maternal, so no male's descendents are affected. All descendents of a female carrying the abnormality may be affected."

Page 74 - Hepatitis C is listed as a contraindication to breastfeeding. Hepatitis C is no longer a contraindication.

Page 80 - Thiamine is incorrectly identified as B6 (rather than B1) under Table 3.7.

Page 85 - "Microcephaly: head circumference <3 standard deviations (SD) below the mean for age and sex". This is not strictly incorrect, as some sources do define it this way; however, others, including the American Academy of Neurology, define microcephaly as less than 2 standard deviations below the mean.

Page 166 – Bronchiolitis guidelines have been updated since publication – Under “Diagnostic evaluation”, Chest x-ray is no longer recommended on a routine basis as it correlates poorly with disease severity; Under “Further management”, a trial of albuterol is only recommended if there is a history of recurrent wheezing – there is unclear benefit in these cases (It should be noted that guidelines didn’t include cases of severe disease or respiratory failure)

Page 166 – Palivizumab guidelines have been updated since publication – Corrected: “Palivizumab should be used monthly during the RSV season for high-risk infants who are under one year of age at the start of RSV season (<29 weeks’ gestation at birth, or ≥ 29 weeks EGA with certain risk factors including hemodynamically significant CHD, pulmonary or neuromuscular disorders, or immunodeficiency)

Page 167 – “cystic adenomatoid malformation” is now more commonly referred to as congenital pulmonary airway malformation

Page 180 - Within Table 7.5 (SIDS), under Infant/Environmental Risk Factors, the following is stated: "higher incidence with previous ALTE". The view that ALTE implies future SIDS risk is an outdated one, and not backed up by recent studies. This should be removed from the table.

Page 194 – In the bottom right box, the text reads “increase in asthma-related deaths (black-box warning) if used as a sole drug (without a[n] inhaled steroid). It should be noted that the combination LABA/steroid drugs also have a block box warning, although the research was only done on the LABA alone

Page 211-212 – The terminology “Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis” was updated years ago to Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, and there were some important changes made to the sub-classifications. The content on these pages needs reorganized to reflect these updates (See PIR July 2012, “Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis” for a nice overview)

Page 228 – Under “Anterior Uveitis”, another reference to JRA needs updated to JIA

Page 229 – Under “Retinopathy of Prematurity” the text states “serial ophthalmologic exams needed beginning at 4-6 weeks after birth in infants born at <32 weeks’ gestation or <1500 grams birth weight”. According to the most up-to-date guidelines I could find, screening of ROP should occur if the neonate is <1500g or birth <30 weeks EGA, NOT <32 weeks (See 2013 AAP Guidelines “Screening Examination of Premature Infants for Retinopathy of Prematurity”)

Page 236 – Under Choanal Atresia: “most with other abnormalities (CHARGE association) – now referred to more commonly as CHARGE syndrome since the major causative gene has been discovered (CHD7)

Page 242 – Under Guidelines for Tonsillectomy: “American Academy of Otolaryngology: three or more infections of tonsils/adenoids per year despite adequate medical treatment” – this is incomplete and therefore misleading. Per the AAO’s Clinical Practice Guidelines for Tonsillectomy in Children published in 2011, tonsillectomy is recommended if there are at least 7 episodes per year for 1 year, or at least 5 episodes per year for 2 years, or at least 3 episodes per year for 3 years. Therefore, 3 infections in a single year alone would NOT satisfy the AAO’s criteria for a recommendation for tonsillectomy

Page 243 – Under Aortic Outflow Murmur: “murmur decreases with Valsalva (differentiates from IHSS)” – IHSS is older terminology – should be changed to HOCM (The abbreviations on Page 244 actually include HOCM, not IHSS)

Page 319 – Under Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome: “complement activated (decreased C3) after injury” – this may be true, especially for severe cases, but serum levels of C3 fall within normal limits in the majority of affected patients with STEC HUS (C3 is more commonly low in atypical HUS)

Page 323 - Due to a formatting issue, the section on DI, which starts "Inability to concentrate urine in the presence of antidiuretic hormone..." is confusingly listed under the heading "Renal Tubular Acidosis”

Page 382 - "BA is [more] closely related to stage of sexual maturity than is CA." In this case "more" is missing from the sentence.

Page 397 - Under "Treatment" for Hyperthyroidism, it states that PTU is "less protein-bound so less crosses the placenta and into breast milk". That is incorrect. PTU is actually less soluble and therefore more protein-bound, which is the reason that less crosses the placenta into breast milk.

Page 406 - Under the heading Pheochromocytoma, it reads "Secretion of large amounts of epinephrine and norepinephrine [causes] significant hypertension ..." In this case "causes" is missing from the sentence.

Page 501 – “In homozygous disease (autosomal recessive) only Hgb S is produced” – this is an overreach; HbF may also be present. It is true, however, that HgbA is absent

Page 501 – Under Aplastic Crisis heading: “decreases in Hgb with large reticulocytosis” – the opposite is true – aplastic crisis is associated with significant reticulocytopenia (in contrast with acute splenic sequestration)

Page 502 – In the paragraph starting “early functional…” : “Staph. Pneumonia” – this is a typographic error – clearly Strep. pneumoniae was meant

Page 511 – vWD section “qualitatively normal (type 2)” – Type 2 VWD is a qualitative defect – correct this by changing to “qualitatively abnormal”

Page 521 – Under “Primordial GCTs” – endodermal sinus tumor and yolk-sac tumor are listed separately, misleadingly implying they are different cancer types; in fact they are synonymous