few microbio questions

[n2o*]

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Common airborne fungi that cause opportunistic infections in debilitated individuals include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. candida
b. rhizopus
c. aspergillus
d. cryptococcus

the answer is a. but why? doesn't candida albicans cause lots of opportunistic infections?
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Jaundice is characteristic of all of the following conditions except:

a. aplastic anemia
b. liver cell damage
c. excessive hemolysis
d. bile duct obstruction
e. carcinoma of the head of the pancreas

the answer is a. I would have chosen e. i don't see what carcinoma of the head of the pancreas has to do with jaundice. pls explain.

thanks!

 

[Sinatra Frank]

regarding the 2nd question.

jaundice is state where the skin and sclera of the eye are pigmented in a yellow colour due to high billirubin in the blood.
billrubin is a product of heme break down...that occur when rbc are dead.
in case of aplastic anemia..all the cell lines (platlets,rbc,wbc) are not produced in the bone marrow (d/t radiation for ex.) no production-no lysis od cells--no heme breakdown-no billirubin-no jaundice.

carcinoma of the head of pancreas.. the head of pancreas is very close to duodenum,whern the common bile duct enter via the papilla.when u have carcinoma this bile is getting pbstucted,--> the bile (that contain conjugated billirubin can go to the gi--> stay in the liver-->go to blood--> jaundice..

 

[Sinatra Frank]

the bile duct is obstructed and the bile CAN'T enter the GI and go instead to the blood.

 

[armorshell]

Common airborne fungi that cause opportunistic infections in debilitated individuals include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. candida
b. rhizopus
c. aspergillus
d. cryptococcus

the answer is a. but why? doesn't candida albicans cause lots of opportunistic infections?

My guess would be that the question isn't asking "Which of these don't cause opportunistic infections?", it's asking "Which of these fungi isn't airborne?"

Tricky if you ask me.

 

[sindu]

My guess would be that the question isn't asking "Which of these don't cause opportunistic infections?", it's asking "Which of these fungi isn't airborne?"

Tricky if you ask me.

hi
the question is regarding the air borne fungus which causes oppurtunistic infection so answer is candidia because it is not by air borne it is normally present in our body, thats is in oral cavity etc and immunity is decreased in our body it becomes oppurtunistic so it is the answer