Yes. Likely you will not have time to do both, and do both well. And the question is, why would you want to practice both once youve completed a peds fellowship? It's very difficult to get a peds fellowship
In #1, what is meant is that in adult surgery everything is becoming so specialized - vascular, colorectal, thoracic, cardiac, etc., so Peds is the last place where surgeons have the breadth of procedures that used to be seen done by adult general surgeons.
#2 is true for any pediatric subspecialists...adults are the worst.