I've done several jobs, work for a state hospital, private practice, ACT team, etc. Some of the variations are because they were different clinical scenarios within the same job. E.g. in a big university hospital you can do several things but it's still the same employer, but I've had 7 employers during my career outside of residency.
At least for me I felt I had to test the boundaries. Why? Cause I didn't know if the grass was greener on the other side. There are no go-to guides for this type of thing other than this forum and no one here had the expertise to guide me at the time I needed it. When I first came to the forum most of the people here were other residents. There was one particular attending, doesn't come on here anymore, who had a self-professed psychotherapy style of calling out patients for being wrong based on circumstantial evidence, and prided himself on it, who whenever someone here had issues he'd bark that residents shouldn't complain. Yeah right like I was going to use that guy as a guide.......not.
State institutions: Stable work, stable hours, good retirement, good benefits, BUT.....below standard pay, most of your colleagues aren't sharp, several employees don't do their work to an acceptable standard, depending on the facility your work environment could be a dungeon. While I worked in one in Ohio, thankfully, that hospital was one of the best in the country in terms of design, etc. The worst thing about the job is several people in state hospitals hate their job but because they want to get the next tier of benefits stick with it. There's enough people like this to drag the general positive feeling you may have down.
Universities: Stable work, good benefits, very sharp colleagues, extremely large learning potential, able to do things such as research and teach if you enjoy, BUT...potentially below standard pay, possibly incredibly bad hours with you being called a lot in the middle of the night. Depending on the institution the environment could be bad. E.g. the last university I worked for it took security 30 minutes to show up when patients became violent and when I brought it up with the higher-ups I was met with ambivalence....until I brought it up to the head of the department who was in utter shock. Problem for me was the head of the department (as great a guy as he was) didn't work in the trenches and was focused on research, and the upper guys who were in charge of things like the unit were ambivalent to incredibly bad standards.
I recommend all new graduates to do some university work for a few years cause there's still so much to learn after residency.
Private Hospital: Tend to have very nice work environments (e.g. lobby looks like a hotel lobby, rooms are nice, nice doctor's lounges). Good benefits, standard pay.
Private Practice: It's all up to you. You can have a crappy office but if so you bought it. If you're smart, talented, and can stomach the learning curves of starting a new business you're fine. If there's something you don't like about the practice you can fix it cause you're the owner, but emphasis on YOU GOT TO FIX IT. You will have to fire employees, check up on numbers, etc. It's your business.
For me that's fine. Cause if there's a problem I'm the type of guy who'll fix it on the spot, and try to see if there's a better way to handle it, and if so implement it.
ACT teams: If you got a great team you're fine. If not you're screwed. Otherwise like working in a state institution.
Factor in that the above are general guidelines. While most state hospitals aren't exactly up to date environments, a few are. Many universities are on top of getting things fixed quickly, others aren't
Also you could use one of the above to spring off to something bigger and better.