Research is such a loosely used term nowadays. Some people boast of all the "research" they have done when in fact they hung out in a lab for a few days here and there and maybe presented a poster. Research can encompass a formal degree program, a review article, original research, a poster presentation, case report etc. You don't need to be at Hopkins in a lab to produce. It's not hard to find a case among all you see during internship and residency. Clinical vignettes are also widely accepted as scholarly effort. Bottom line - programs will be able to pick up on whether you skated through residency doing nothing more than the bare minimum with hopes of landing a fellowship vs whether you busted your tail going above and beyond because that will predict how you act and perform as a fellow.