What other metric?
There is a simple fix to all this. Reimburse much higher for medication management visits, and force physicians to spend more time (minimum 30 minutes?) with patients. Make the billing codes like Psychiatry, where you are reimbursed more with more time spent. This is why cash only psychiatrists all spend 45 minutes with their patient for therapy, 30 minutes for medication management. That is standard of care.
So why not do the same in pain? But of course, the problem in pain is, overhead costs are 50%, versus psych which is like 20%. So if you stop doing procedures and only do medication management, you will be out of business pretty soon I imagine.
And this has nothing to do with "socialized" healthcare. Canada is socialized, but it is also fee for service. Pain Doctors are easily among the highest paid in Canada (even higher than Ortho). Pain doctors in Canada can easily hit 700-800k. But again, its because of fee for service model, where procedures are reimbursed the best. So Canada has same problems that U.S does, specifically with pain management/opioid crisis.