Suicide in the context of devastating suffering that is surely going to result in death regardless (terminal illness, etc) is completely and utterly different than in response to temporary stressors. One is, with the right circumstances, somewhat arguable; the other is, regardless of your feelings about "claptrap psychobabble", pathological. Not entirely sure why we are arguing about the former when this is a clear case of the latter.
You've defined suicide as pathological in an arbitrary fashion: "suicide is always pathological unless death is certain, just because". Even in the concentration camp example, death in many cases wasn't certain, the only thing that was certain was continued suffering.
What is a temporary stressor? 70 years in a concentration camp, vs 20 years, vs 1 year? Obviously there is no cutoff, and temporariness doesn't have much to do with what is a rational suicide. We call suicide pathological in general because there are psychotic/manic/depressive symptoms that lead to SI. This is true for most suicides, but there are some suicides that are "rational". Eg dishonor, altruism, martyrdom, suffering, debt, mass suicide.
40% of residents meet criteria for MDD at some point during the year, point prevalence is about 25%. I doubt nearly half of residents have a strong tendency to depression. MDD at baseline is 3%. The suffering is legitimate, not necessarily exaggerated by mental illness. Most residents don't kill themselves, partly because they believe in the path they're on, even if it's tough.
http://www.internisten.nl/uploads/Qx/I3/QxI3OMAhoRGrlACeGKlLAA/Arch-Gen-Psychiatry.pdf
I think while there's perhaps some comfort in saying that these decisions could be driven by a feeling of being trapped by massive debt or being too broke and time pressed to find a relationship, I seriously doubt these notions are on target.
What happens if you don't believe in the path you're on? If you're working 100 hours/week for a hedge fund and hate your job, you can just leave. There are going to be residents who dislike medicine, just as in any other field. If you can't visualize a good future for yourself, suicide becomes a tempting option. They could just leave medicine, but often can't because of the debt. You can do a google search to see how many people want to leave medicine but are trapped by the debt. I'm not sure if this has been addressed in the literature. This is a problem that is kind of unique to medicine.
This is a hard isolating stressful job. You see a lot of death and disease. A lot of sadness. And your bosses sometimes treat you harshly. You emerge from med school where people still told you you were great and the future of the profession, and into intern year where you are the scut monkey on a steep learning curve and even though you are working hard for 70+ hours a week you can't ever seem to do anything right or make your attendings happy. And you are sleep deprived and isolated. Most people tolerate this rough year -- we bend but don't break. Heck, some of us even kind of liked intern year because it was such a test of our mettle.
As you are saying, many of us experience this. 40% experience an MDD episode at some point during the year, and SI was the PHQ symptom that increased the most in that study I linked. So, using these variables wont really help us figure who is killing themselves and why.
But I still think there are people out there, and some we even see on SDN as I alluded to above, who were already struggling in life without these extra parameters.
Certainly that's true, but I am skeptical that this is the problem. The point prevalence of severe depression prior to starting intern year was 0% (about 1000 participants), and increased to ~2% during the year. MDD in general increased ~10 fold.
Maybe some added screening wouldn't be a bad idea.
I don't think screening would accomplish much, given the high prevalence of depression. Especially in medicine, no one wants to admit to their boss that they can't do the job.
Even if you could identify these people, what could you do? Their thinking is not irrational, so how effective will CBT be? Antidepressants have not been shown to reduce suicide. Even if they did, would Paxil reduce suicide in a concentration camp?
The solution for suicide in a concentration camp is to release the prisoners who want to leave. The solution for suicide in residency is...?