Intracept

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i haven't seen anyone do for thoracic but i thought it might be interesting to see how the out come is for those thoracic axial pain cases with modic/degenerative changes where i have very limited option

I spoke unofficially with the docs who did the early intracept studies and they are definitely working on approval for upper lumbar intracept. Likely eventually FDA approval and insurance coverage for T12/L1-S1 intracept, though it could be several years. Studies take time.

They have explored thoracic, but more rare, technically more issues with where the BVN lives, size of thoracic vs lumbar bones, risk of lesion next to spinal cord, etc. Thoracic intracept is way way off in the future.

Until then, try thoracic MBB but only RFA for clearly positive MBB. If unilateral pain with unilateral disc, I have 2/3 success doing thoracic ILESI with catheter.

And either before you try that or after they fail the procedures, definitely offer the patient lyrica (50-75 TID). Only works for half of these thoracic DDD cases, but I’ve had a few home runs with it too.

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I spoke unofficially with the docs who did the early intracept studies and they are definitely working on approval for upper lumbar intracept. Likely eventually FDA approval and insurance coverage for T12/L1-S1 intracept, though it could be several years. Studies take time.

They have explored thoracic, but more rare, technically more issues with where the BVN lives, size of thoracic vs lumbar bones, risk of lesion next to spinal cord, etc. Thoracic intracept is way way off in the future.

Until then, try thoracic MBB but only RFA for clearly positive MBB. If unilateral pain with unilateral disc, I have 2/3 success doing thoracic ILESI with catheter.

And either before you try that or after they fail the procedures, definitely offer the patient lyrica (50-75 TID). Only works for half of these thoracic DDD cases, but I’ve had a few home runs with it too.
We do kypho in the same bones and same locations.
 
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We do kypho in the same bones and same locations.

I completely understand your point. However, intracept is playing it more cautiously due the medical legal risks or they just don’t think there are as many thoracic candidates, plus thoracic would require a completely new CPT/ICD codes.

Thoracic intracept cranial to T12-L1 is a long way away.
 
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Patient states another doc offered her an “ablation” for thoracic back pain and a T7 hemangioma. I’m assuming he was referring to intracept(?) is anyone doing it in the thoracic spine?
It shouldn't be happening for T-spine pain only. BVNA is FDA approved for L3-S1. Anything above L3 is off label. In our practice setting, we do L1 and L2 on occasion but that's only if we at least have involvement of an FDA approved level. If only non-FDA approved levels are targeted, then it will unlikely get approved. Hypothetical concern is potential heating of the cord at or above the level of conus at L1 and above although that shouldn't happen with appropriate placement (at least 10mm anterior to the posterior border of VB in lateral view).

Trochar outer diameter is also 4.4mm. Pedicles often get thinner at more cephalic levels. Also, less likely to have end plate changes contributing to pain above the lumbosacral junction.
sorry if this was addressed- anyone in noridian jurisdiction? - it seems like they only cover 2 level ablation (1 modic) at a time which seems a bit ridiculous.
btw, from financial standpoint this case is a donation case for me. takes too much time for little reimbursement
Yes, you will only get paid 2 levels at a time for Noridian. For >2 levels, we perform the additional levels as charity with good results if there are clearly endplate changes at the other levels and their deep, midline distribution of pain with flexion spans beyond the 2 most notable levels.
 
We do kypho in the same bones and same locations.
Steve I agree that statement. However I would add the caveat that it takes more finesse and exact steering with Intracept vs a kypho given the BVN location. Of course no one wants to breach the pedicle.
 
There is a fairly reliable diagnostic procedure. (MBB and/or RFA) Unless you’re truly worried about SIJ (SIJ is over diagnosed), then a patient without significant radiculopathy, who failed MBB or good technique RFA, and has pain with lifting, prolonged sitting and/or prolonged partial lumbar flexion is your intracept candidate.

Beal is wrong. Not appropriate to violate a disc causing potential harm, when MBB/RFA are so useful diagnostically.
Maybe.

I don't think failure of RFA rules IN something. We have a few patients that have responded well to Reactiv8 after failed RFA. We have had 1 or 2 that failed RFA, failed Intracept, and responded to Reactiv8.

BUT, we haven't done enough to draw any conclusions.

Maybe I should try the sinovertebral nerve thing.
 
Maybe.

I don't think failure of RFA rules IN something. We have a few patients that have responded well to Reactiv8 after failed RFA. We have had 1 or 2 that failed RFA, failed Intracept, and responded to Reactiv8.

BUT, we haven't done enough to draw any conclusions.

Maybe I should try the sinovertebral nerve thing.

What does military coverage of intracept look like these days?

I’m somewhat close to a military base. At least 40% of the mid thirties guys I see for LBP have modic changes and clearly do not have facet pain on exam and history.

Tricare pays terrible particularly for big procedures like SCS or intracept. Would basically lose money after paying our costs.

I would like to still help these patients and refer them out for Intracept, if there are military hospitals that could perform intracept?
 
What does military coverage of intracept look like these days?

I’m somewhat close to a military base. At least 40% of the mid thirties guys I see for LBP have modic changes and clearly do not have facet pain on exam and history.

Tricare pays terrible particularly for big procedures like SCS or intracept. Would basically lose money after paying our costs.

I would like to still help these patients and refer them out for Intracept, if there are military hospitals that could perform intracept?
I think only the big ones that have bought the equipment....but it is hospital by hospital.
 
Do you all see a day where these are done in the office with oral sedation like Kypho currently is?
 
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Here to share some pictures for S1 bvrfa today, not sure if everyone uses same approach, 25 degree oblique, leave trochar in pedicle, easy to reach midline, less than 30 mins for both 5 and S1. Ignore it if we are on the same page.
 

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Here to share some pictures for S1 bvrfa today, not sure if everyone uses same approach, 25 degree oblique, leave trochar in pedicle, easy to reach midline, less than 30 mins for both 5 and S1. Ignore it if we are on the same page.

Please expand on your efficiency tips. Intracept takes forever for me, and I want to get faster.

This question is also for the group. Let’s all please share intracept efficiency ideas.
 
It is a lot more hammering in hard bone. Blood splashing on the c arm routinely.
Why?

The only bleeding in kypho comes when the balloon is deflated or the stylet is out and the needle tip is in the middle of a vertebral body.
Zero blood on needle entry or placement.

You guys using lido with epi on the skin (hope so)?
 
Do you all see a day where these are done in the office with oral sedation like Kypho currently is?
Probably -- many people who perform these efficiently and localize well are requiring minimal sedation via MAC.
It is a lot more hammering in hard bone. Blood splashing on the c arm routinely.
Especially with removing the J-stylet and back flow during ablation for those on AC.
Here to share some pictures for S1 bvrfa today, not sure if everyone uses same approach, 25 degree oblique, leave trochar in pedicle, easy to reach midline, less than 30 mins for both 5 and S1. Ignore it if we are on the same page.
Are you consistently doing 25 deg oblique at S1 from a true Ferguson view? And are you going co-axial after going oblique with the triangular border?
Please expand on your efficiency tips. Intracept takes forever for me, and I want to get faster.

This question is also for the group. Let’s all please share intracept efficiency ideas.
Measure pedicular width and determine which sides to perform at each level.
Even out the bed especially for lateral tilt before the case begins -- it'll help your fluoro tech get views more efficiently.
Line up superior end plate and start from a true AP.
Rule of thumb is 5 x lumbar level to determine how much to oblique (ex. L3 = 15, L4 = 20), then adjust based on optimized pedicular view.
Spinal needle to assess trajectory.
0.5% Bupi with epi 1:200,000 on the way out with spinal needle and creating a wheel.
Follow the trajectory of the spinal needle.
Use a long hemostat near the handle under live fluoro to get the trajectory you want.
Don't hesitate to use bevel tip to correct early on before you cross mid-pedicle.
Straight shot from mid pedicle to posterior VB wall in lateral view will save you a lot of time for driving the J-stylet/nitinol stylet. Once you breach the posterior VB wall in lateral view it'll be more work to try to correct the cephalocaudal trajectory simultaneously with the mediolateral trajectory; this is where the most time is wasted.
Low threshold for using the straight stylet if you're close to midline but don't have enough threads left, especially for S1. Will get you to a good 7 min lesion location most of the time.
Pinch the probe wire to the handle so it's out of the way when you're doing another level while the first is cooking -- recommend contralateral side so nothing is in your way.
Lesion size is 5mm @ 7 min vs 6mm @ 15 min.
Squeeze out the edema around the entry site.
Dermabond, steri-strips, and Tegaderm for closure.
Interested to see other people's tips.

Why?

The only bleeding in kypho comes when the balloon is deflated or the stylet is out and the needle tip is in the middle of a vertebral body.
Zero blood on needle entry or placement.

You guys using lido with epi on the skin (hope so)?
Should absolutely be doing local with epi.
Agreed limited bleeding on entry.
The J-stylet used to create the curved track before placing the RFA probe is quite stiff -- can splatter during exchange even with using towels.
Often getting blood backflow during the ablation. Anecdotally, feels like more bleeding encountered vs kypho.
Suspecting it's likely because the target is closer to Hahn's canal/vertebral vascular foramen. Also, no cancellous bone compaction with ballooning or sealing with cementation.
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Why?

The only bleeding in kypho comes when the balloon is deflated or the stylet is out and the needle tip is in the middle of a vertebral body.
Zero blood on needle entry or placement.

You guys using lido with epi on the skin (hope so)?
I haven’t been using epi, but most of the bleeding I encounter is not from skin entry to pedicle or driving ICA through pedicle, it’s generally when malletting the J stylet in the vert body. Have seen some good distance with the splashes. Staff need to where eye protection…. Not sure epi helps me with this part.
 
I haven’t been using epi, but most of the bleeding I encounter is not from skin entry to pedicle or driving ICA through pedicle, it’s generally when malletting the J stylet in the vert body. Have seen some good distance with the splashes. Staff need to where eye protection…. Not sure epi helps me with this part.
Yep bleeding is when blood shoots out between introducer and the PEEK cannula with every hard hit. Once I see that, I'll throw a towel over my hand, or wrap gauze if I need to still see the arrow.
 
Probably -- many people who perform these efficiently and localize well are requiring minimal sedation via MAC
Especially with removing the J-stylet and back flow during ablation for those on AC.

Are you consistently doing 25 deg oblique at S1 from a true Ferguson view? And are you going co-axial after going oblique with the triangular border?

I think s1 needs the most optimizations to consistently target efficiently and reliably. I would oblique at least 30, ideally 35-40, tilting as much to head as needed to clear iliac crest (credit rolo). If hard bone, long distance lateral to medial, shallow s1 vert body it can be extremely challenging to get midline while staying dorsal enough.
Measure pedicular width and determine which sides to perform at each level.
Even out the bed especially for lateral tilt before the case begins -- it'll help your fluoro tech get views more efficiently.
Line up superior end plate and start from a true AP.
Rule of thumb is 5 x lumbar level to determine how much to oblique (ex. L3 = 15, L4 = 20), then adjust based on optimized pedicular view.
Spinal needle to assess trajectory.

Agreed, but I would add that it helps a lot to also measure this optimal angle on mri during pre-op planning. Have a prep sheet in the room with you, listing optimal side per level, angle, any other anatomical considerations you’d benefit from knowing ahead of time. Also will see if mid-upper lumbar pedicles won’t accommodate the 4mm ICA and/or give no lateral medial trajectory, therefore para or extra- pedicular approach needed. In that case can also confirm the lumbar artery on lateral vert body is not in your path.
0.5% Bupi with epi 1:200,000 on the way out with spinal needle and creating a wheel.
Follow the trajectory of the spinal needle.
Use a long hemostat near the handle under live fluoro to get the trajectory you want.
Don't hesitate to use bevel tip to correct early on before you cross mid-pedicle.

I started using bevel from the get-go particularly with gen3 as the stylet tip is longer. You have to be a lot deeper in pedicle, with leading edge of ICA in bone, before you can exchange from diamond to bevel when needed. I find the increased stearability of bevel in soft tissue and bone increases efficiency of corrections in both
Straight shot from mid pedicle to posterior VB wall in lateral view will save you a lot of time for driving the J-stylet/nitinol stylet. Once you breach the posterior VB wall in lateral view it'll be more work to try to correct the cephalocaudal trajectory simultaneously with the mediolateral trajectory; this is where the most time is wasted.
Low threshold for using the straight stylet if you're close to midline but don't have enough threads left, especially for S1. Will get you to a good 7 min lesion location most of the time.
Agreed, just be sure there is zero up/down curve in J before switch, ie going straight med-lateral. Even the beefed up gen 3 straight will dive ceph/caudal on you sometimes. I try not to use it until I’m near spinous process unless I really have to. Frustrating to be dead on track then have the straight hit something in bone and veer off.
Pinch the probe wire to the handle so it's out of the way when you're doing another level while the first is cooking -- recommend contralateral side so nothing is in your way.

This, plus start on left, so when going from ap/lat it’s not in your way when doing second level
Lesion size is 5mm @ 7 min vs 6mm @ 15 min.
Squeeze out the edema around the entry site.
Dermabond, steri-strips, and Tegaderm for closure.
Interested to see other people's tips.

Should absolutely be doing local with epi.
Agreed limited bleeding on entry.
The J-stylet used to create the curved track before placing the RFA probe is quite stiff -- can splatter during exchange even with using towels.
Often getting blood backflow during the ablation. Anecdotally, feels like more bleeding encountered vs kypho.
Suspecting it's likely because the target is closer to Hahn's canal/vertebral vascular foramen. Also, no cancellous bone compaction with ballooning or sealing with cementation.
View attachment 391618
 
Something the rep would also tell me during a case

"That Beveled tip really can move the tip and direction"

and

"Really push that handle lateral (or towards the shoulder, or whatever)"

After hearing this a few times - I started thinking....why the crap don't I just use the beveled tip all the time? For some reason, the rep is always pushing the diamond tip.

Anyway, I now just use the beveled one. OR Switch to it immediately after getting purchase with the diamond tip. Let the tip do the steering rather than me cranking on the whole thing.
 
I think s1 needs the most optimizations to consistently target efficiently and reliably. I would oblique at least 30, ideally 35-40, tilting as much to head as needed to clear iliac crest (credit rolo). If hard bone, long distance lateral to medial, shallow s1 vert body it can be extremely challenging to get midline while staying dorsal enough.


Agreed, but I would add that it helps a lot to also measure this optimal angle on mri during pre-op planning. Have a prep sheet in the room with you, listing optimal side per level, angle, any other anatomical considerations you’d benefit from knowing ahead of time. Also will see if mid-upper lumbar pedicles won’t accommodate the 4mm ICA and/or give no lateral medial trajectory, therefore para or extra- pedicular approach needed. In that case can also confirm the lumbar artery on lateral vert body is not in your path.


I started using bevel from the get-go particularly with gen3 as the stylet tip is longer. You have to be a lot deeper in pedicle, with leading edge of ICA in bone, before you can exchange from diamond to bevel when needed. I find the increased stearability of bevel in soft tissue and bone increases efficiency of corrections in both


Agreed, just be sure there is zero up/down curve in J before switch, ie going straight med-lateral. Even the beefed up gen 3 straight will dive ceph/caudal on you sometimes. I try not to use it until I’m near spinous process unless I really have to. Frustrating to be dead on track then have the straight hit something in bone and veer off.


This, plus start on left, so when going from ap/lat it’s not in your way when doing second level
All good points.
Pre-op planning is crucial. Knowing your angles and safety margins, levels where you can go fast vs slow, no surprises.
Rule of thumb is 5 x lumbar level to determine how much to oblique (ex. L3 = 15, L4 = 20), then adjust based on optimized pedicular view.
If you don't measure, my rule of 5 is:
L3:30, L4:35, L5:40, S1:35 degrees.

More oblique means you can go deeper, get you more medial, closer to target before switching to the J. The less J used the less going back and forth with fluoro and less chance to go wayward, less chance to need straight which is really difficult to predict because while it's sharp, the braided part is too flexible.
 
Please expand on your efficiency tips. Intracept takes forever for me, and I want to get faster.

This question is also for the group. Let’s all please share intracept efficiency ideas.
I learned a lot from this forum, here are some tips I modified from Kypho, this is my experience that may not apply to you.
From lumbar epidural steroid injections, I got an understanding of the location of the nerve root in this oblique view, I compared this with the AP view many times to make sure it is reliable and safe.
I used a bevel tip to dock slightly extrapedicularly, tried to medialize the trochar until mid-pedicle, then AP view for safety checking purposes only, and moved to the lateral view to have the bevel tip dock into the posterior wall of VB only. The next step is to change to the J, hammer it down to turn, check AP again, it is normally slightly off midline, switch the straight Stylet, and hammer it down to midline. then it is ready to burn.
I tried to minimize the back-and-forth rotation of the C arm from oblique, AP, Lateral, and back to AP.
Let me know if you have any comments on this, Good luck!
 
Here to share some pictures for S1 bvrfa today, not sure if everyone uses same approach, 25 degree oblique, leave trochar in pedicle, easy to reach midline, less than 30 mins for both 5 and S1. Ignore it if we are on the same page.
Are you consistently doing 25 deg oblique at S1 from a true Ferguson view? And are you going co-axial after going oblique with the triangular border?
Yes, For male patients, the iliac crest is relatively high, slightly extrapedicular docking with a bevel tip, medialized the trochar as much as possible, switch to J once bevel through the VB, even trocha in the middle of the pedicle. J will follow this path into the VB, continue to medialize it until it turns, switch to straight stylet in AP, and hammer it to the midline.
 
not sure if i recommend local with epi esp in kypho population. God forbid you give a dose intravascularly by accident in older folks with cardiac hx, and you can induce MI.
 
Steve, he is an anesthesiologist. He just has a different perspective than you. I did a T4 kypho and some of the local with epi definitely got in a vein this week. So I have a lady in my office in her 80s tachy about 115 and no way to treat it. Not ideal.
 
It’s been standard practice for kypho and scs for over 20 years.
steve i respect your opinion and expertise but calling my opinion as an anesthesiologist - undereducated is a bit insulting. I have managed many cardiac patients - sickest of the sickest in my training.
Your explanation - standard practice for 20 years - doesn't necessarily mean it is an ideal practice - something that I believe you know also as well.
It is like someone saying in the 90's I've done cervical TFESI with particulates for 20 years and there's no problem with it and it is a standard of care.

if you search the literature - there are legitimate concerns about use of epinephrine with local anesthetic in this population - with mixed conclusions.

IMHO, bleeding risk is minimal in kypho/SCS or anything we do in pain and the use of epinephrine to minimize - already a low risk of bleeding doesn't justify the potential risk in tenuous patients. Especially if you are doing these in your office with no support to rescue a cardiac event.
 
steve i respect your opinion and expertise but calling my opinion as an anesthesiologist - undereducated is a bit insulting. I have managed many cardiac patients - sickest of the sickest in my training.
Your explanation - standard practice for 20 years - doesn't necessarily mean it is an ideal practice - something that I believe you know also as well.
It is like someone saying in the 90's I've done cervical TFESI with particulates for 20 years and there's no problem with it and it is a standard of care.

if you search the literature - there are legitimate concerns about use of epinephrine with local anesthetic in this population - with mixed conclusions.

IMHO, bleeding risk is minimal in kypho/SCS or anything we do in pain and the use of epinephrine to minimize - already a low risk of bleeding doesn't justify the potential risk in tenuous patients. Especially if you are doing these in your office with no support to rescue a cardiac event.
What do you do when there is bleeding and the leads are in the spine?

Review the literature....
Epi safe- digits, dental, derm.

Injecting 5-10cc 1% with epi at wheal and to pedicle, or along the incision line. That's what Emory taught me in 2004. I have not been to a course where they said not to. Have not seen guidelines where they say not to.
 
colleague at ASC had a patient who went in to tachyarrhythmia during procedure with lido epi, a couple of months ago for Minuteman procedure. not thought to be LAST (i asked specifically).

transferred to hospital. he believes patient was thought to have had a demand mediated coronary event but went home after a few days.


it happens....
 
HOPD academic doc with anesthesia base.

Love epi
Definitely notice when it's not around for skin and topical hemostasis, but not earth shattering differences so I am not religious about it
I do see some tachycardia/arrythmias intermittently but most patients that I would worry about using epi in are already well beta blocked
I don't think it's unreasonable to avoid it, but my default mode is to add it

Intravascular injection is never the goal, but risks are minimal with reasonable volumes of 1:100k or 1:200k epi

Regarding guidelines/education/data, the CV risk is not clearly apparent in large datasets but we've all likely had a patient show some signs of sympathetic surge with some systemic or vascular uptake. There are quite a few case reports. Dental work is probably most helpful for the clinic-based physicians and although they educate caution in high-risk patients, they don't show significant risk. (Local anaesthetics combined with vasoconstrictors in patients with cardiovascular disease undergoing dental procedures: systematic review and meta-analysis - PubMed is a nice example)

NACC guidelines for infection prevention actually had a paragraph on epinephrine, but not about the CV risk.
"Epinephrine used in conjunction with a local anesthetic has been suggested to increase both risk of delayed healing due to vasoconstriction at the incision site as well as increased bacterial count. High epinephrine dose has been suggested to inhibit skin fibroblast migration, while lidocaine prevents initial wound signaling and mast cell degranulation via nociceptive blockade (144 - A Review of Surgical Techniques in Spinal Cord Stimulator Implantation to Decrease the Post-Operative Infection Rate | Abstract). Cautious use of epinephrine should be implemented in order to minimize tissue damage and decrease postoperative infection rate. However, this risk must also be weighed against the potential benefits of reduced bleeding due to vasoconstriction, as blood can serve as a medium for bacterial growth."
 
HOPD academic doc with anesthesia base.

Love epi
Definitely notice when it's not around for skin and topical hemostasis, but not earth shattering differences so I am not religious about it
I do see some tachycardia/arrythmias intermittently but most patients that I would worry about using epi in are already well beta blocked
I don't think it's unreasonable to avoid it, but my default mode is to add it

Intravascular injection is never the goal, but risks are minimal with reasonable volumes of 1:100k or 1:200k epi

Regarding guidelines/education/data, the CV risk is not clearly apparent in large datasets but we've all likely had a patient show some signs of sympathetic surge with some systemic or vascular uptake. There are quite a few case reports. Dental work is probably most helpful for the clinic-based physicians and although they educate caution in high-risk patients, they don't show significant risk. (Local anaesthetics combined with vasoconstrictors in patients with cardiovascular disease undergoing dental procedures: systematic review and meta-analysis - PubMed is a nice example)

NACC guidelines for infection prevention actually had a paragraph on epinephrine, but not about the CV risk.
"Epinephrine used in conjunction with a local anesthetic has been suggested to increase both risk of delayed healing due to vasoconstriction at the incision site as well as increased bacterial count. High epinephrine dose has been suggested to inhibit skin fibroblast migration, while lidocaine prevents initial wound signaling and mast cell degranulation via nociceptive blockade (144 - A Review of Surgical Techniques in Spinal Cord Stimulator Implantation to Decrease the Post-Operative Infection Rate | Abstract). Cautious use of epinephrine should be implemented in order to minimize tissue damage and decrease postoperative infection rate. However, this risk must also be weighed against the potential benefits of reduced bleeding due to vasoconstriction, as blood can serve as a medium for bacterial growth."

I use epi all the time for implants, everything. Agree with above posters about risk for tachyarrythmias, but still worth it to use in my opinion.

I don't think the risk for impaired wound healing/infection is clinically significant. I've discussed with multiple plastic surgeons. They've used for years, on all patients, and express no concerns.

Has been my experience as well, at N =1000
 
Have you had a level that you just couldn’t hammer through? I had an L5 I had to abandon today. Even the hand drill didn’t help
Where did you get stuck? Sounds like at the posterior cortex? I just had one S1 where I got stuck mid way with the j. Straight wouldn't go either. Put bevel back in, made a new track, but when the j neared midline same thing happened. Went on the other side, got to midline but didn't curve as fast as expected, more anterior than ideal.

Was this patient conscious?
 
Have you had a level that you just couldn’t hammer through? I had an L5 I had to abandon today. Even the hand drill didn’t help
Once on an S1. I really could not break through the cortex to even start. Made certain I wasn’t on facet. Was able to access on opposite side, but still very difficult. I have never tried the drill. They do total joints in my facility, so I have access to a 5 pound mallet.


On cases with very hard bone, even if I have a really wide angle, I start the J with the trochar in a retracted position, as J generally will not turn medial easily in rockhard bone.
 
Where did you get stuck? Sounds like at the posterior cortex? I just had one S1 where I got stuck mid way with the j. Straight wouldn't go either. Put bevel back in, made a new track, but when the j neared midline same thing happened. Went on the other side, got to midline but didn't curve as fast as expected, more anterior than ideal.

Was this patient conscious?
Yes awake with some minimal IV sedation. He wasn’t whining just couldn’t advance trochar or even the drill despite multiple tries. I had to drill the L4 level too. Just hard bone I guess. Second time using the drill. About 40 cases
 
I had to abandon a s1. Got it curved and pointed the right direction early but couldn’t advance the straight.
 
I had to abandon a s1. Got it curved and pointed the right direction early but couldn’t advance the straight.

There is a bony septum sometimes at S1 in the midline. Can't see it on imaging. Can't get midline and posterior. Need to drill it if you want to get the J there but Intracept won't let me drill in the VB yet only pedicle
 
There is a bony septum sometimes at S1 in the midline. Can't see it on imaging. Can't get midline and posterior. Need to drill it if you want to get the J there but Intracept won't let me drill in the VB yet only pedicle
Interesting, sounds like what I described
 
Now that you guys have been doing these for a while.
What are your results like for your patients?
 
Similar to literature but I would say smaller standard deviation. Majority between 50-90% better. The rest split between 90-100% or 0-50%.
 
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