proline just causes turns due to steric reasons, in any 2ndary structure (a-helix and B-sheets); everything else would have to depend on interactions with other R-groups
It doesnt show up in helices because its too bulky but its a major component in beta turns usually accompanied by gly and i believe ser and thr but dont quote me on the last two.
i believe you are referring to beta turns as in it causes beta helixes and not teh NORMAL alpha helixes that is all i think its just a term to refer to the abnormal condition...
EK says that proline interrupts alpha helix formation. I read online (NCBI study) that "Proline is established as a potent breaker of both alpha-helical and beta-sheet structures in soluble (globular) proteins."