Well i've only taken about 6, but i would say it totally depends on the course, and the curriculum. Im in a traditional curriculum and about 60-80% of our test questions are multiple choice. A few short answer (i.e. write this equation, draw this pathway, blah blah) are tacked on to the end of test so the school can say we have proficient writing.
Obvious exceptions: lab practicals (anatomy, histology, path, etc... depending on your course)... these are the ultimate in instant-recall short answer; but IMO they are really multiple choice (like, you know only two nerves go to such and such region, so pick from those based on where the pin is...)
If you arent familiar with lab practicals, you basically get a certain short amount of time to identify a specimen, when times up, you move to the next station and ID something else...
in my one PBL hybrid class, we have 6-hour long essay test, solving a "case" step by step, interpreting labs, etc... with a few books to help us out
Again: my point-multiple choice seems to rule the day... with a few other types of instant recall activity thrown in as well