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hi, guys, maybe you know lots of these Mnemonics, they are good.
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
"FLAGTOP"
F: Follicle Stimulating Hormone
L: Luteinizing Hormone
A: ACTH
G: Growth Hormone
T: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
O: MSH - melanOcyte stimulating hormone
P: Prolactin
FSH in males
directly stimulates spermatogenesis - sperm look like "FiSH." In females, FSH obviously stimulates ovarian follicles (which secrete estrogens, which stimulate endometrial proliferation).
LH in males
stimulates androgen secretion so males become "Like Hairy Apes" (LH--> A). Androgens also stimulate spermatogenesis, so LH also indirectly stimulates spermatogenesis. In females, LH stimulates the corpus luteum (which secretes estrogens and progesterone, which stimulate the endometrium).
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic: fight or flight
Parasympathetic: rest and digest
Causes of Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
"Maggie May Does Not Smoke"
Mutations, Migration, genetic Drift, Non-random mating, Selection.
Cell Cycle
"Go Sally Go! Make Children!"
G1, S, G2, M, C
Growth phase 1, DNA Synthesis (replication), Growth phase 2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis.
Mitosis
"People Meet And Talk", or
"PMAT"
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
Meiosis
"PMAT x2"
Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I,
Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II,
(Note: 4 haploid daughter cells instead of 2 diploid daughter cells)
Chordate Features
"Do Not Pinch People"
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Notochord
Pharyngeal slits
Postanal tail
Developmental Stages
"Must Be Good"
Morula, Blastula, Gastrula
Fat-soluble Vitamins
"ADEK"
Vitamins A,D,E, and K
Hormones that Increase Blood Glucose
"STENGG"
Somatotropin (growth hormone)
Thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine)
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Glucagon
Glucocorticosteroids
Immunoglobulins
"MADGE"
IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, IgE
Kingdoms
"My Poor Friend Picks Apples"
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plants, Animals
Male Reproductive Tract (path of sperm)
"SEVEN UP"
Seminiferous tubules
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
(Nothing)
Urethra
Penis
Menstrual Cycle
"FOL(d) M(a)PS"
Ovarian cycle: Follicular phase, Ovulatory phase, Luteal phase
Menstrual cycle: Menstrual flow, Proliferative phase, Secretory phase
The ovarian cycle controls the menstrual cycle. The cycles begin (day 0) when menstrual flow starts. At day 14, the luteal and secretory phases begin and last until day 28, after which the cycles begin again.
Molecular Genetics
"EXons EXpressed, INtrons IN the trash"
DNA expression into mature mRNA
"CUT the PY"
Cytosine, Uracil, and Thiamine are PYrimidines (one-ring structures)
"GAPur"
Guanine and Adenine are PURines (two-ring structures)
"All Tigers Can Growl"
Adenine bonds to Thymine; Cytosine bonds to Guanine
Or, "Pure Silver Taxi"
Purines, A and G, bond to pyrimidines, T and C, respectively
Proteases in the Duodenum
"Eat Tender Chicken Chunks Elegantly"
Enterokinase
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Carboxypeptidase
Elastase
Note: The first enzyme is produced by intestinal mucosal cells, while the others are produced in inactive precursor forms by the pancreas.
Enterokinase converts trypsinogen into trypsin
Trypsin converts other trypsinogen molecules into trypsin
Trypsin converts chymotrypsinogen into chymotrypsin
Trypsin converts procarboxypeptidase into carboxypeptidase
Trypsin converts proelastase into elastase
Vertebrate Features
"CEVASACK"
Cephalization
Endoskeleton
Vertebrae
Axial skeleton
Skull
Appendicular skeleton
Closed circulatory system
Kidneys
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
"FLAGTOP"
F: Follicle Stimulating Hormone
L: Luteinizing Hormone
A: ACTH
G: Growth Hormone
T: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
O: MSH - melanOcyte stimulating hormone
P: Prolactin
FSH in males
directly stimulates spermatogenesis - sperm look like "FiSH." In females, FSH obviously stimulates ovarian follicles (which secrete estrogens, which stimulate endometrial proliferation).
LH in males
stimulates androgen secretion so males become "Like Hairy Apes" (LH--> A). Androgens also stimulate spermatogenesis, so LH also indirectly stimulates spermatogenesis. In females, LH stimulates the corpus luteum (which secretes estrogens and progesterone, which stimulate the endometrium).
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic: fight or flight
Parasympathetic: rest and digest
Causes of Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
"Maggie May Does Not Smoke"
Mutations, Migration, genetic Drift, Non-random mating, Selection.
Cell Cycle
"Go Sally Go! Make Children!"
G1, S, G2, M, C
Growth phase 1, DNA Synthesis (replication), Growth phase 2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis.
Mitosis
"People Meet And Talk", or
"PMAT"
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
Meiosis
"PMAT x2"
Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I,
Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II,
(Note: 4 haploid daughter cells instead of 2 diploid daughter cells)
Chordate Features
"Do Not Pinch People"
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Notochord
Pharyngeal slits
Postanal tail
Developmental Stages
"Must Be Good"
Morula, Blastula, Gastrula
Fat-soluble Vitamins
"ADEK"
Vitamins A,D,E, and K
Hormones that Increase Blood Glucose
"STENGG"
Somatotropin (growth hormone)
Thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine)
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Glucagon
Glucocorticosteroids
Immunoglobulins
"MADGE"
IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, IgE
Kingdoms
"My Poor Friend Picks Apples"
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plants, Animals
Male Reproductive Tract (path of sperm)
"SEVEN UP"
Seminiferous tubules
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
(Nothing)
Urethra
Penis
Menstrual Cycle
"FOL(d) M(a)PS"
Ovarian cycle: Follicular phase, Ovulatory phase, Luteal phase
Menstrual cycle: Menstrual flow, Proliferative phase, Secretory phase
The ovarian cycle controls the menstrual cycle. The cycles begin (day 0) when menstrual flow starts. At day 14, the luteal and secretory phases begin and last until day 28, after which the cycles begin again.
Molecular Genetics
"EXons EXpressed, INtrons IN the trash"
DNA expression into mature mRNA
"CUT the PY"
Cytosine, Uracil, and Thiamine are PYrimidines (one-ring structures)
"GAPur"
Guanine and Adenine are PURines (two-ring structures)
"All Tigers Can Growl"
Adenine bonds to Thymine; Cytosine bonds to Guanine
Or, "Pure Silver Taxi"
Purines, A and G, bond to pyrimidines, T and C, respectively
Proteases in the Duodenum
"Eat Tender Chicken Chunks Elegantly"
Enterokinase
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Carboxypeptidase
Elastase
Note: The first enzyme is produced by intestinal mucosal cells, while the others are produced in inactive precursor forms by the pancreas.
Enterokinase converts trypsinogen into trypsin
Trypsin converts other trypsinogen molecules into trypsin
Trypsin converts chymotrypsinogen into chymotrypsin
Trypsin converts procarboxypeptidase into carboxypeptidase
Trypsin converts proelastase into elastase
Vertebrate Features
"CEVASACK"
Cephalization
Endoskeleton
Vertebrae
Axial skeleton
Skull
Appendicular skeleton
Closed circulatory system
Kidneys
