I am a P-1 so I am not very well informed et about all the opportunities in the future. My questions are:
Do I get paid while doing residency? (If so, how much?)
DO I have to pay tuition?
WHy is residency a good thing?
If I want to work in the critical care pharmacy, do I need to have residency in that area?
Most (if not all) residencies are paid. The salary is generally in the 35-40K range, but I have heard of some residency salaries that were closer to 60K.
A residency is an extension of your pharmacy education, but it's also a job - so no, you don't have to pay tuition.
As to whether or not a residency is a good thing, it really depends on who you are and what you want to do. If all you want to do is retail, then a residency really isn't necessary. However, It isn't a bad thing (unless you count the lower salary for the year(s) that you're in residency). More and more clinical positions in hospitals are requiring residencies if you're a new grad. As to whether or not a critical care pharmacy would require a residency - I'm not sure, but most likely - it really requires extra training to be able to confidently dose critical patients and make good, fast, decisions.
One last thing, and I don't mean to be snarky here, but I'm surprised that you haven't heard more about residencies already. I'm also a P1, and our professors started talking about residencies on the first day of orientation. We have already had at least 3 lectures on the benefits of residency, even though we just started our 5th week of classes.
Doing a residency is definitely not for everyone, but at this point I don't know how doing one could hurt you in the long run. Everyone that I've talked to that has done a residency, even if they are doing retail, has said that they are a better, more confident pharmacist because of the experience.