1. You are totally MISSING the point here
No, you are missing the point here. I am not arguing against quantitative TOF or routine reversal of neuromuscular blockade. Nor am I arguing that this particular CRNA is right.
You are parading this particular argument with this particular CRNA as proof that the majority of CRNA's are less capable of critically evaluating and applying evidence, and are thus less safe providers. I am stating that you chose a particularly poor example to demonstrate your point with, and you are making physicians look foolish by parading it on public internet forums.
Exceptional claims require exceptional evidence. In order for this discussion to be the damning evidence of a lower standard of CRNA care, that you are claiming it to be, three conditions must be met.
- The evidence in favor of quantitative TOF monitoring must be overwhelming.
- The evidence must be accepted and acted on en masse by anesthesiologists.
- The evidence must be rejected en masse by CRNAs.
So lets look at each condition a little more closely.
1. The evidence in favor of quantitative TOF monitoring must be overwhelming.
This is the condition that is closest to being met. It is becoming increasingly clear that quantitative TOF is likely the safest way to manage long-acting and/or repeated intra-operative dosing of intermediate acting neuromuscular blockade to maintain paralysis for the duration of the case. Extensive randomized, outcomes-based studies are lacking, but the bulk of the evidence points toward quant TOF being the best practice.
There have been three studies that have examined the role of acceleromyographic monitoring in preventing or reducing residual block in this scenario. Two of them compared acceleromyographic monitoring to no monitoring one with pancuronium and one with repeated rocuronium dosing methods. Only one study directly compared acceleromyographic monitoring to traditional nerve stimulator monitoring.
Murphy, Et Al. Anesthesiology. 109(3):389-398, September 2008.
In an
accompanying editorial to this final study, Aaron Kopman, one of the most long-standing and vocal proponents of quantitative TOF monitoring, states
Although it is difficult to find fault with the authors' data and the results seem plausible and even confirm what common sense would predict, questions remain...
the authors' protocol may not have mimicked actual clinical practice. Clinicians were instructed to keep the TOF count at two or three responses. Therefore, incremental doses of rocuronium may have been administered when additional surgical relaxation was not necessary. If clinicians had not received specific protocol instructions, would the results of this study have been different? It is impossible to say. Finally, the study was limited to observations in the first 30 min after extubation. We do not know whether long-term morbidity was increased in the PNS group...
A case can perhaps be made that objective monitoring is not always necessary...
clinicians who opt not to use even conventional PNS units are practicing within official guidelines.
The data on single-dose, intermediate-acting neuromuscular blockade technique to achieve optimal intubating conditions followed by a multi hour surgical procedure with no redose of NMB (that the original CRNA is posting) is even less dramatic. The best study is the
Debaene study that I posted MD PhD critiques of earlier in this thread.
2. The evidence must be accepted and acted on en masse by anesthesiologists.
As I have briefly demonstrated above, there is only growing consensus, not established consensus, among physicians that quantitative TOF monitoring is optimal. There is no ASA guideline for even qualitative TOF monitoring with a traditional PNS. As far as I can tell, Blue Star Enterprises is not a public company so we have no metric to measure the effect of July's editorials on the uptake of the only practical, commercially available acceleromyographic monitoring device, the TOF-Watch. We have yet to see the letters to the editor for the July issue (currently the April issue letters are the latest published). Perhaps we will see a resounding hurrah for the editors, just as likely we will see the same sort of critiques that you are seeing on CRNA sites posited by physicians.
3. The evidence must be rejected en masse by CRNAs.
I agree that you will have a better metric on this than I will. You and I have met, and I now understand that, through your continued contact with several of your previous resident colleagues throughout a specific region of the US, you have a significantly greater insight into the mentality of CRNA's in this one region. However, I will see you and raise you the best insight we have into the mentality of physicians across the country and into Europe. Namely, the
Naguib's Survey Data. We have yet to see any metric of the effect of July's data/ editorials on physicians.
The CRNAs that you are quoting are practicing outside of
their national organization's standards, which (assuming monitoring of neuromuscular blockade does indeed prove out to be safest) are a step ahead of ours, stating that the CRNA shall,
Monitor neuromuscular function and status when neuromuscular blocking agents are administered.
Further,
The omission of any monitoring standards shall be documented and the reason stated on the patients anesthesia record
So the best evidence we have of the CRNA standard is that they should be doing exactly what you argued that they should be doing.
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So, we fail on all three counts to make a strong argument that the CRNA's are using a lower standard of care or are interpreting the literature in a less sophisticated manner than anesthesiologists. You can't hold them accountable for not adopting standards that we haven't even adopted or implemented. What will you say if their national organization beats us to the punch and adopts quant TOF as a standard before ASA does? You and I know that this is an easier process for their organization (to change their standards), but Joe Public will only see the end result of their organization parading a higher standard of care than ours, and your argument will be blown out of the water.
Blade, I want you to discover and expose evidence that CRNA standards and capabilities are lower than anesthesiologists. I believe that you are uniquely situated to do it. However, parading this type of argument around sets up a straw man that can be used by the CRNA's in the future to attack you when you finally have good evidence to utilize in this fight. Please focus your attention and your attacks on areas where significant differences are empirically demonstrable instead of blasting poorly considered shotgun style attacks that don't really help us in taking the fight to the next level of changing public perception.
- pod