@Phloston 273 (1 point different than my "goal" score)
2) Name three drugs with MOA same as clopidogrel -
prasugrel, ticagrelor, ticlopidine
7) What kind of metaplasia is seen in Barrett esophagus? Frame your answer as
NKSS is converted to
non-ciliated columnar with goblets. And be as specific as possible.
3) Of those three drugs in #2, which one causes neutropenia?
ticlopidine
Any D2 antagonist.
@Phloston
1) MOA of clopidogrel - ADP receptor blocker on platelets
6) Name three risk factors for SCC of esophagus - Smoking, achalasia, Plummer-Vinson syndrome
11) Which aortic arch derivative gives rise to a structure closest to that which is most often ruptured in epidural hematoma? - 1st arch, Maxillary artery-->middle meningeal
OTC antidote?
@Phloston
4) What drug used to treat an enveloped, linear DNA virus causes neutropenia?
Ganciclovir
5) The organism treated by the drug in #4 causes what classic infection in immunocompromised patients?
CMV retinitis
9) MOA of dipyridamole -->
increases cAMP in platelets by inhibiting it's degradation by PDE3--> Less ADP--> Less platelet aggregation.
It is also an
adenosine uptake inhibitor--> increased extracellular concentration of adenosine --> Vasodilation.
As per original post:
1) MOA of clopidogrel
2) Name three drugs with MOA same as clopidogrel
3) Of those three drugs in #2, which one causes neutropenia?
4) What drug used to treat an enveloped, linear DNA virus causes neutropenia?
5) The organism treated by the drug in #5 causes what classic infection in immunocompromised patients?
6) Name three risk factors for SCC of esophagus
7) What kind of metaplasia is seen in Barrett esophagus? Frame your answer as ___ is converted to ___. And be as specific as possible.
8) Of the following, which one(s) is/are reversible: hyperplasia, hypertrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia, neoplasia, desmoplasia
9) MOA of dipyridamole
10) What are the male/female manifestations of the urethral folds, genital tubercle, urethral sinus, labioscrotal swelling?
11) Which aortic arch derivative gives rise to a structure closest to that which is most often ruptured in epidural hematoma?
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1) ADP P2Y12 receptor antagonist (per USMLE rules, we can't disclose actual test questions, but a heads up that that P2Y12 bit is on the real deal, as ******ed as that is)
2) Prasugrel (greater efficacy but more hemorrhagic strokes age 75+; like clopidogrel, associated with increased risk of TTP), ticlopidine, ticagrelor
3) Ticlopidine causes neutropenia. That's why it's not recommended unless someone needs prasugrel/clopidogrel (e.g., post-stenting) but can't tolerate them or has a contraindication.
4) Viral family is herpesviridae. In contrast, HepB is DNA, enveloped and
circular (this seemingly minor distinction is actually HY and tested on Step 1). So potential viruses are HHV1-8 --> HSV1/2, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV-6/7, KSHV. Ganciclovir, used for CMV, is associated with neutropenia. On the Step 1, look out for
mouth ulcers, sore throat or simply reduced WBCs on lab report data after Tx for infection.
5) CMV retinitis. If CD4 ultra-low --> CMV colitis and esophagitis. UWorld assesses CMV colitis btw. Linear ulcers or "owl eyes."
6) Smoking, EtOH most common, followed by any of the following: achalasia, strictures (prior chemical/heat trauma), webs (e.g., Plummer Vinson), immunosuppression. A lot of things cause SCC. Achalasia is the strange one because you'd think lower 1/3 of esophagus = adenocarcinoma, but achalasia actually causes SCC.
7) Non-keratinized stratified squamous --> Intestinal columnar (columnar with goblet cells)
8) Hyperplasia, hypertrophy, metaplasia and dsyplasia are all reversible. The big one is dysplasia. Most people don't realize that's reversible.
9) Phosphodiesterase inhibitor that prevents breakdown of both cAMP and cGMP. The former decreases platelet aggregation; the latter increases arteriolar vasodilation, inducing reflex tachycardia (used for cardio stress testing in those who can't exercise). There are other mechanisms behind dipyridamole, but these are the ones to know.
10) Genital tubercle: glans penis vs glans clitoris AND corpos cavernosum/spongiosum vs vestibular bulbs; HY point is this is the answer for epispadias.
Urogenital sinus: bulbourethral (Cowper) glands vs greater vestibular (Bartholin) glands AND prostate gland vs urethral/periurethral (Skene) glands
Urogenital folds: ventral shaft of penis and penile urethra vs labia minora; HY point is this is the answer for hypospadias.
Labioscrotal swelling: scrotum vs labia majora
11) Epidural hematoma is from rupture of middle meningeal artery, a branch of the maxillary artery. Maxillary artery is first aortic arch. Aortic arches are stupid, but the USMLE likes them.
