Heme-Onc
While I appreciate your interest in all these various specialties, perhaps you would do best with a general book on types of residency such as the Glaxo book that got sent to every medical school some years ago called specialty profiles. The requirements for all ACGME approved specialties are at the ACGME website under the link "program requirements on the left side. Also, the web contains a number of good resources (just look for a specialty association website). To wit, I know little specifics about ped. surg beyond how many years, but a quick google search dug up:
http://www.eapsa.org/
Which contains a list under training programs of all the U.S. based programs and says that Columbia and Buffalo are the only 2 places in NY with an approved program.
It also contains this under "What is a Pediatric Surgeon?"
How are pediatric surgeons trained and certified?
Pediatric surgeons must have graduated from an accredited medical school and must have completed five years of graduate surgical education in an accredited general surgery residency program.
Then, they must complete two additional years of full-time education in an approved fellowship program in pediatric surgery.
Following completion of their two-year study in the subspecialty of pediatric surgery, they must pass a written examination to ensure that their surgical knowledge is of the highest level and an oral exam to determine their ability to manage a variety of surgical problems in infants and children.
In order to take this examination, they must first become board certified in general surgery. After these requirements have been fulfilled, surgeons are granted a special certificate in the subspecialty of pediatric surgery. This certificate must be renewed every 10 years to ensure that every pediatric surgeon is competent and up-to-date with regard to advances in pediatric surgical care.
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I hope this information helps you.