The last post by Teleodeum in that thread is excellent but it actually doesn't answer your question. All of the 3 yr pediatric specialty fellowships are expected to include a research component during training. That doesn't mean lab or basic science research however. Certainly Teleodeum or others doing peds EM fellowships can tell you better than I can what they are doing during fellowship, but many of the pedi EM fellowship projects here are public health oriented.
As far as clinical practice post-fellowship, the academic folks here have a good bit of community research and public policy research going on. There can be a reasonable amount of practice-based research (e.g. development and evaluation of ER protocols for dealing with fever, seizures, etc). I would guess that in private practice there is not too much research although they may participate in some of these protocols as well.
Compared to gen Peds , Peds EM salary is much superior, probably 40 percent more. Usually they start at 200 - 250 grant in midwest.
The next big thing in pediatrics is Peds Hospitalist track good lifestyle and good money