I agree, almost all important advances in radiology have not been made by MD's. The background is too technical.
Re: original question, for MRI most residents seem to understand T1, T2 and k-space concepts for about 30 minutes before and after the physics exam. Otherwise, as a resident, it seems enough just to know which type of contrast you're looking at and which stage the blood is in...
This means only a basic Newtonian explaination for MRI is required, no quantum mechanics. Physics I and II with calculus are more than sufficient for this as an undergraduate.