Critical care fellowship directly after IM residency is 2 years. Pulm/Criti. Care is 3. If you want to do Crit. Care after any other fellowship (renal, cards, GI, ID, Endo, even after Rheum. or AI) then it's 1 year. However, after talking to many intensivist I think doing traditional fellowship in Pulm./Crit. Care improves your marketability since most of the hospitals/practices would expect you to take pulm. consult duties as well as the ICU work.