hi,normally angle between orbital and visual axis is 22.5,what will be the angle between orbital and visual axis in hypertelorism?
Hypertelorism (or hypertelorbitism if you prefer) is based on the interorbital distance and not the visual angle. In fact, hypertelorbitism usually occurs with the visual axis within normal limits. There have been a few publications that have documented normative data and are used for diagnosis and grading. There are also many papers on correction.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Volume 99(2) February 1997 p 317-327 Hypertelorism: Nosologic Analysis of 90 Patients.
Waitzman, A. A., Posnick, J. C., Armstrong, D. C., and Pron, G. E. Craniofacial skeletal measurements based on computed
tomography: II. Normal values and growth trends. Cleft Palate Craniofac. J. 29: 118, 1992.
Costaras, M., and Pruzansky, S. Bony interorbital distance (BIOD), head size, and level of the cribriform plate relative to orbital height: II. Possible pathogenesis of orbital hypertelorism. J. Craniofac. Gen. Dev. Biol. 2: 19, 1982.
Cohen, M. M., Jr., Richieri-Costa, A., Guion-Almeida, M. L., and Saavedra, D. Hypertelorism: Interorbital growth, measurements, and pathogenetic considerations. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 24: 387, 1995.
Figalova, P., Hajnis, K., and Samuel, Z. The interocular distance in children with cleft before the operation. Acta Chir. Plast. 16:
65, 1974.
