questions on OC from Destroyer 2012

[blankman321]

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I was wondering if anyone could help me explain these questions from the 2012 Destroyer Organic Chemistry section

on question #183, why cant the answer be both (CH3)CO Na+ and C2H5O K+?

on question #228, when this reaction is done with Sn, HCl do I always assume NO2 always gets changed to NH2?

on question #248, how you would know if this is a SN2, I got everything right except for the inversion of the H and CN.

help would be appreciated

 

[Vistabane]

For question #228, you should always assume that. Another clue in this problem is the use of NaNO2 as one of the reactants. That is a pretty specific reaction in which -NH2 is turned into -N2, which allows for a plethora of further conversions. Even if you forget what the purpose of Sn, HCl is, you can infer that the NO2 becomes NH2 by the next step.

For question #248, you know that it is SN2 because CN- is one of the best nucleophiles possible. It is a secondary substituted carbon, which doesn't decisively reveal if ti will be SN1 or SN2, so you have to go off of the strength of the nucleophile. So due to the fact that CN- is such a strong nucleophile, it has to be SN2.

For question #183, the (CH3)3O- is more substituted, so it will act as a base more than it will act as a nucleophile. The other reagent might act as a nucleophile and be substituted into the reaction.