IE prophylaxis is reasonable (Class IIb, level of evidence C) for dental procedures that involve gingival tissues or the periapical region of a tooth and for procedures that perforate the oral mucosa, in patients with cardiac conditions associated with the highest risk for adverse outcomes from IE:
* prosthetic cardiac valve
* previous IE
* unrepaired congenital heart disease (including palliative shunts and conduits)
* completely repaired congenital heart defect with prosthetic material or device, during the first 6 months after the procedure
* repaired congenital heart disease with residual defects at the site or adjacent to the site of a prosthetic patch or device
* cardiac transplantation recipients who develop cardiac valvulopathy