To answer your question, protected time is time that you get to do non-clinical work. In academics, that could mean research, being PD, or other roles that you're hired to do. It's called "protected" because it cannot be used for clinical services and won't be counted against you in terms of RVUs/productivity. So in other words, if someone is 100% clinical, that person is expected to see a certain number of patients because that's all they're doing full-time. That won't be compared against you if 30% of your time is protected and you're only seeing patients 70% of the time. This is also a thing in residency in programs that offer didactics as protected time so that residents are not scheduled for any clinical activities.