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I am having a difficult time with the following scenario's:
if respiratory effort (measured by the minimum pleural pressure (difference from
atmospheric pressure)) doubled, what would be the effect on _______ (compared to just before the increase in effort)
1. Tidal volume a) decreased significantly, b) largely unchanged, c) increased significantly
2. Alveolar ventilation a) decreased significantly b) largely unchanged c) increased more than tidal volume, d) increased to the same extent as tidal volume, e) increased less strongly than tidal volume
3. PO2 at the alveoli in the apex of the lung: a) increased by 10 mmHg, b) largely unchanged, c) decreased by 10 mmHg
4. PO2 at the alveoli in the base of the lung: a) increased by 10 mmHg, b) largely unchanged, c) decreased by 10 mmHg
alice is suffering from a hemolytic anemia (i.e., red blood cells are being removed from the
circulation by the spleen, liver and other organs). Her blood concentration of hemoglobin is roughly 2/3 of that in most normal folks. If nothing else changes (ventilation, cardiac output, metabolic rate), what will be the effect of the anemia on ______ (compared to before the anemia)
1. PO2 at the alveoli: a) increased by 10 mmHg, b) largely unchanged, c) decreased by 10 mmHg
2. [O2] at the left atrium: a) increased by 20 %, b) largely unchanged, c) decreased by 5-10%, d) decreased
by 30-50%
3. PO2 at the right ventricle (mixed venous PO2): a) increased by 10 mmHg, b) largely unchanged, c) decreased by 10 mmHg
4. Oxygen delivery to the systemic tissues: a) decreased by 2/3 b) decreased by 10-20% c) largely unchanged d) increased by 20% e) icreased by 2/3
If Alice's tidal volume increases by 50%, but respiratory rate and cardiac output are
not changed, what effect will that have on _______ (compared to just before the increase in tidal volume)
(a) PO2 at the alveoli: a) increased by 10 mmHg, b) largely unchanged, c) decreased by 10 mmHg
(b) [O2] at the left atrium: a) increased by 20 %, b) largely unchanged, c) decreased by 5-10%, d) decreased
by 30-50%
(c) PO2 at the right ventricle (mixed venous PO2): a) increased by 10 mmHg, b) largely unchanged, c) decreased by 10 mmHg
(d) Oxygen delivery to the systemic tissues: a) decreased by 2/3 b) decreased by 10-20% c) largely unchanged d) increased by 20-40% e) increased by 100%
if respiratory effort (measured by the minimum pleural pressure (difference from
atmospheric pressure)) doubled, what would be the effect on _______ (compared to just before the increase in effort)
1. Tidal volume a) decreased significantly, b) largely unchanged, c) increased significantly
2. Alveolar ventilation a) decreased significantly b) largely unchanged c) increased more than tidal volume, d) increased to the same extent as tidal volume, e) increased less strongly than tidal volume
3. PO2 at the alveoli in the apex of the lung: a) increased by 10 mmHg, b) largely unchanged, c) decreased by 10 mmHg
4. PO2 at the alveoli in the base of the lung: a) increased by 10 mmHg, b) largely unchanged, c) decreased by 10 mmHg
alice is suffering from a hemolytic anemia (i.e., red blood cells are being removed from the
circulation by the spleen, liver and other organs). Her blood concentration of hemoglobin is roughly 2/3 of that in most normal folks. If nothing else changes (ventilation, cardiac output, metabolic rate), what will be the effect of the anemia on ______ (compared to before the anemia)
1. PO2 at the alveoli: a) increased by 10 mmHg, b) largely unchanged, c) decreased by 10 mmHg
2. [O2] at the left atrium: a) increased by 20 %, b) largely unchanged, c) decreased by 5-10%, d) decreased
by 30-50%
3. PO2 at the right ventricle (mixed venous PO2): a) increased by 10 mmHg, b) largely unchanged, c) decreased by 10 mmHg
4. Oxygen delivery to the systemic tissues: a) decreased by 2/3 b) decreased by 10-20% c) largely unchanged d) increased by 20% e) icreased by 2/3
If Alice's tidal volume increases by 50%, but respiratory rate and cardiac output are
not changed, what effect will that have on _______ (compared to just before the increase in tidal volume)
(a) PO2 at the alveoli: a) increased by 10 mmHg, b) largely unchanged, c) decreased by 10 mmHg
(b) [O2] at the left atrium: a) increased by 20 %, b) largely unchanged, c) decreased by 5-10%, d) decreased
by 30-50%
(c) PO2 at the right ventricle (mixed venous PO2): a) increased by 10 mmHg, b) largely unchanged, c) decreased by 10 mmHg
(d) Oxygen delivery to the systemic tissues: a) decreased by 2/3 b) decreased by 10-20% c) largely unchanged d) increased by 20-40% e) increased by 100%
