SDN EM Case Conference - FOIC

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WilcoWorld

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How's her neuro exam? Does she MAEW?


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Neurologic exam: Patient appears to have slowed cognition. No facial asymmetry is notable. Pupils are symmetric and reactive. She moves all four extremities. Sensation to light touch is diminished in both feet, normal in both upper extremities. Gait is not assessed.
 
So let's get the obvious questions out of the way

How does she look?

What's she complaining of?

Anything that immediately pops out to you on physical exam other than bradycardia?

What's her medical hx?

What meds is she on? Is she on digoxin or beta blockers?

And then obviously, what's the ECG demonstrate?
 
So let's get the obvious questions out of the way
How does she look?
-She looks better than her vitals. Moderate distress, but alert and talking.

What's she complaining of?
-She's not complaining of anything, but acknowledges feeling lightheaded and mildly dyspneic when asked.

Anything that immediately pops out to you on physical exam other than bradycardia?
-There's nothing like a cantaloupe sized mass growing out of her neck or an arrow stinking out of her chest. Bradycardia is definitely the most salient exam finding. Further findings will be provided if you ask for them, but many were not needed/relevant for the diagnosis.

What's her medical hx?
-It's HUGE. See next post.

What meds is she on? Is she on digoxin or beta blockers?
-Her med list is even more bigly than her PMH - it's YUUGE. I'd have to access the EMR, and will do so tomorrow. Digoxin is a good thought, and I specifically looked for it on her list. She is not on Digoxin. She is on INH, however - don't see that one every day.

And then obviously, what's the ECG demonstrate?
-I'd like to post an image, will try to do so when I get back to work tomorrow. But for now I'll tell you that the EMS strip looked like complete heart block. The ED ECG looked more like a fib with slow ventricular response.
 
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PMH (from what I can remember):
-edit-
it's really long
 
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The monitor is alarming for "SBP<90" and the nurse is impatiently waiting for some orders...
 
Give her 500cc bolus, give her 0.5mg atropine (although given my suspicions, this is not going to work) x2 if first dose did not work, order bmp/CBC/accucheck/trop/lactate, attempt transcutaneous pacing if atropine did not work and pt remains hypotensive.
 
I'm also curious about meds. anticholinergic, beta blocker, nitro in particular.

What are the rest of the vitals?
 
id get a stat ctangio chest before an ekg of course

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cbc, cmp (INH messes w/ liver), ammonia, trop, lactate, ekg, cxr, ua. calcium, try atropine x1 while you place pacer pads but with complete heart block (or ? afib) just start pacing her and hopefully pressure improves. Sounds kinda like brash syndrome from pulmcrit in which they get better without pacing but I would be too nervous to not start pacing.
 

Order of Priorities:


  1. Pads, make sure defibrillator is connected, has a working battery and is otherwise in working order
  2. Ask/check/figure out if she has advanced directives
  3. Ask if ESRD requiring HD or no? When was last HD? If 'today', was it completed or not?
  4. IV x 2
  5. O2 nasal cannula
  6. Cardiac monitor with pulse oximeter, BP to cycle every 2 min
  7. ECG, leave it hooked up if possible, repeat every 5-10 minutes initially
  8. Atropine 0.5 mg IV x 2
  9. Calcium gluconate 1 gm IV
  10. Point of Care Potassium (EPOC/iSTAT) if available
  11. Complain about Point of Care Potassium being unavailable
  12. Beside RUSH exam
  13. Send Labs (CBC w diff, Electrolytes, Troponin, BNP, Lactate, TSH)
  14. Portable CXR
  15. Look up Renal Fellow's pager number
  16. Gently inquire about ICU bed situation
 
In addition to bedside u/s and 500cc bolus as mentioned above...

Scrutinize EKG for STEMI; check prior EKG; check for other sources of shock (GI bleed, sepsis, pericardial effusion, PE, PTX; maybe she's got a little AKI which is making her mildly toxic on one of her rate control meds and cannot mount a tachycardic response to one of the aforementioned etiologies of shock)

Empiric hyper-K treatment while POC potassium is cooking (insulin/dextrose, albuterol, calcium, bicarbonate).

If normal, 1 mg atropine (likely will not work).

If no response, dopamine/isoproterenol infusion

If no response and b-blocker or Ca-channel blocker on Med list then start glucagon, high dose insulin / dextrose, calcium infusion. Start transcutaneous pacing for immediate stabilization at this point while RN getting all this stuff. Likely inserting fem line at this point for access (tons of infusions being given) and anticipating pressors

Assess response to above. If can wean off pacing, awesome. If not, and BP still crap, start vasopressor in addition to intotrope (anticipate pressor not working well if massive Ca channel o/d). Consider intralipid. Prep for transfer to ECMO center. If good capture and pain control with transcutaneous pacing, let it ride; if not, talk to accepting cardiologist and tell them you're likely going to be putting in a transvenous pacemaker before transfer.

Could be something else weird going on but I think this is the bread and butter resus that we would be expected to do.
 
PMH (from what I can remember):
HTN
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperthyroidism
Latent TB
Insulin dependent diabetes
Breast cancer
Mitral regurgitation
ESRD
Osteoporosis
Varicose veins
Empyema
Peripheral neuropathy
Hiatal hernia
TIA
Depression
CAD with stents
Angina pectoris
Sleep apnea
maybe she's got a little AKI
I think that that ship has already sailed, brother!
 
Lots of great discussion above. Here is some more data. (of course I'm changing some details to make the patient not identifiable, but no details relevant to the diagnosis or treatment pathway are changed)

Med list:

-edit- lotsa meds
 
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Here's the initial ECG:
brady ECG.gif
 
Labs are cooking, CXR is ordered. And now that the patient is supine in bed the vitals are:
T = 36C
HR = 31
BP = 123/104
RR = (not charted, of course)
O2 = 99%

You note that an SBP = 123 seems better, but a pulse pressure of 19 doesn't seem great. The patient is talking, and wonders why you're so worried about her. She does get hemodialysis MWF, and says her last session was a full session on Friday (it's now Sunday) without difficulty. She denies any new meds or overdoses.

I did not do a RUSH exam, but the patient did not appear excessively wet or dry on exam.

Options suggested so far:
Albuterol neb
Atropine 0.5 vs 1mg
Bicarbonate
Bolus 500cc NS
Calcium gluconate 1g
Cath lab activation
Dopamine infusion
Glucagon
Hyperinsulinemic therapy
Insulin/detrose
Transcutaneous pacing
Transvenous pacing


Pick one or two of these options and explain your reasoning.
 
I pick Calcium w/ insulin/dextrose. This is hyperK until proven otherwise for me. ESRD pt with bradycardia, peaked T waves anteriorly. No need to pace at the moment as mentating and BP ok (though I would have pads in place.) Atropine unlikely to work.
 
I pick Calcium w/ insulin/dextrose. This is hyperK until proven otherwise for me. ESRD pt with bradycardia, peaked T waves anteriorly. No need to pace at the moment as mentating and BP ok (though I would have pads in place.) Atropine unlikely to work.
Agreed. Common things as they are, treat her for hyperkalemia, might as well give the atropine as it won't hurt. The T wave amplitude, especially in V3 does have me a touch worried for acute ischemia, though.
 
If EPOC/iSTAT is an option, then I would do:

1) Calcium
2) Atropine

Highest on my list is hyperkalemia. If not, it's some sort of symptomatic bradycardia. Either way, these two may help temporize till I rule in or rule out hyperK with an iStat.

If POC K testing not available and I have to do just 2 options:

1) Calcium
2) Insulin/Glucose

Since hyperK is the most likely, most imminently life threatening thing on my differential.
 
The site I was at didn't have iSTAT, so I pushed Calcium gluconate empirically. HR improved to 50's and pulse pressure widened. Blood gas calcium came back at 8, so I added insulin/albuterol. She wasn't acidotic so I gave no bicarb. After that and a second amp of Ca++ she was in sinus rhythm in the 80's.

Fortunately I'd already gotten the Nephrologist to dialyze emergently by that time.

It was interesting, she hadn't missed any dialysis, just had some dietary indiscretions over the weekend.
 
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