With any of the state licenses you should plan on a minimum of 8-12 weeks-
Coming out of a program as opposed to being a current practicing physician will help with shorter wait time within a few states.
The longest states for licensing are:
Texas-which is about $800 fee with a typical wait time of at least 5 months-but most go longer past the 6 month mark
Florida-it does vary-nobody knows why-I had a physician wait over a year for licensing but also had one coming out of a program that got it within 8 weeks of applying. This license is a whopping $1200
California-Minimum of 6 months but most likely up to and past 9 months
New Jersey is one of the highest with typical minimum 6 months with most going to the 8-9 month process
New York is typically 2-3 months however, depending on background-could go past 6 months
North Carolina is one that sneaks up on your as you don't really think about it unless applying here-but typical 5-6 months
Louisiana is usually in the 4-6 month range.
I will double check in case I am missing anything here.
With what we see from employers-Texas, CA and FL practices (private-not necessarily medical centers) like to see and interview only those candidates that have the state license in hand--with FL possibly in process. This is not across the board necessarily-but more often than not. NJ is another that this has started to have this requirement as well as a growing number in NC.
You can look at the FCVS
http://www.fsmb.org/licensure/fcvs/
This has just about all of the states requirements listed as well as information where you can apply to some states using the uniform application. This became available a couple of years ago. Off the top of my head-I think there are about 15-20 states that use this application with a growing number yearly. If you have used this application when applying for one of these state licenses-it will dramatically cut time with other states that utilize this form.
Hope that may help.