For general surgery, none of this applies, I'm commenting on ly on neurosurgery programs.
University of Michigan is Julian Hoff's program, top ten, very competitive, easily one of the best programs in the country. Like UCSF, Brigham, Hopkins, Barrows.
University of Chicago is R Loch MacDonald's program, also top notch, very competitive to get into, definitely a first tier program, along the line of Columbia, Yale, U Florida, Seattle.
Loyola, another excellent program, high second tier. Must be top of your class and lots of research! Thomas Origitano really revamped their research effort, creating a spinal injury lab from scratch. Along the lines of Stanford, UCLA, NYU, Mass General.
Northwestern, also high second tier, much like Loyola. An excellent regional referral center. HH Batjer is the chair of AANS/CNS section of cerebrovascular surgery and thus attracts many well qualified applicants from around the country.
UI Chicago, Wayne State, Henry Ford, all three are good third tier programs. Local referal centers. Wayne State is very research oriented if memory serves me correctly.
Med College of Wisconsin and U of Wisconsin...don't know much about them.