No, all podiatrists do not perform surgery. The profession has morphed overtime to become a surgical subspecialty.
Many podiatrists will perform nail avulsions, debride calluses and nails and warts but not do any other surgical procedures. (debridement of anything is consider a surgical code for billing purposes)
There are some that only do orthotics and other bracing, splinting, paddings and strappings.
Some will do all this hammertoes and bunion surgical corrections and removal of soft tissue masses.
Then we move on to the more rearfoot reconstructive and trauma surgical procedures.
Currently all residency programs are surgically based either 2 or 3 years. There are programs that have more variety of cases and larger volumes of cases. If you don't really want to do much surgery then some people chose to go to a program with more clinic and less surgery.
I think overtime we will see less and less non-surgical podiatrists.
Even the podiatric surgeons learn how to treat patients that either do not want surgery or are not good surgical canidates.
Also, it is the CPME/COTH's goal to phase out the 2 year programs and have only 3 year programs.
I hope this answered your question.