First, your husband (and you) need to decide what he (and you as a couple) want for your future. Academic or private, taking general surgery call, research, subspecialty etc are all very personal decisions. He should definitely connect with his senior fellow(s) and any mentors to go over the process and discuss these personal decisions.
In general, most people start looking 9-12 months in advance, although realistically most jobs start to materialize around December. Keep an eye on the SSO career board and any other subspecialty boards he may be interested in (i.e. breast, endocrine, HPB, colorectal etc). PracticeLink also has a number of positions (usually more private). Some of the jobs you will see advertised can either be fake or outdated or already assigned and they're pretending to conduct a "search". Salaries vary but most of the new grads start around 250-350k (depends on academia, location etc). For some institutions the search takes 9 months and for others 3 weeks. Oftentimes you will not hear back from the places you've applied to.
Once your husband decides what he's looking for, he needs to reach out to mentors/sponsors who can potentially help him. This includes people from his hometown, med school, or residency program. His mentors making some calls for him is probably the single most important factor in landing a good job. Some jobs are never advertised, and some jobs are created from scratch for candidates that institutions want to retain.